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9 40 762 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/8a228f5735baa0597591ec68d03bf7ea.JPG 2312516be101a002d36cb497265e4e4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource URA Private Housing Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25296 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N/A Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource 66-unit middle-income apartment complex to be completed by December of 1969. The Urban Renewal Agency put forth theses plans to create three building with 22 apartments each; expected rent from $160-$190/month. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a045f0a72f8dcc643f72146086710ed4.png 7328502bcb68b170aea98ce6296cfd15 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0f3c9b0922d3dba82e00cbbb173506c7.pdf 2d6b5beff30384d6f7f595118b4a1a6a PDF Text Text Notice Some of the content presented in this interview transcript details information about sensitive topics such as systemic racial abuse, institutional abuse, abuse within the foster care system, and sexual abuse against youth. Please proceed with caution and care. 1 �Interviewee: Jerome Lafayette Narramore Interviewer: Shanleigh Corrallo Location of Interview: New York City Date of Interview: 26 September 2025 Shanleigh Corrallo [SC]: Jerome, thank you so much for volunteering to participate in this oral history series with descendants of individuals enslaved from New York and Vermont, that borderland area. The transcript will be housed at Skidmore College to ensure that your important story is maintained and preserved for future generations. You can choose not to answer any question during this interview, and you can opt out of the project at any time. Today's date is September 26, 2025. We are in New York City. My name is Shanleigh Corrallo, and I'm currently a Mellon Humanities Postdoctoral Fellow and Research Associate with Skidmore. Can you please state your name and verbally confirm your consent to be interviewed for this project? Jerome Lafayette Narramore [JN]: My name is Jerome Lafayette Narramore and I offer full consent for this project. SC: Wonderful! Thank you so much. So let's start out with your introduction of yourself, your family, and anywhere you really want to start. JN [00:01:08] Wow. There are a lot of different portals that we could go enter in on. Well, I wasn't born with this name. I was born the summer that Dr. King was assassinated and RFK. I was born in New Jersey, Highland Park, New Jersey. Well, actually New Brunswick, which is the next town over. I was raised in a household with two parents and an older brother. And I was raised to believe that my mother, whom I knew was an orphan, was of Sicilian biological parents, and that my father was of Anglo British, Scottish stock. And I discovered that none of those were true down the road, a long time down the road. So that's the portal that we can begin on. SC [00:02:18] That's a lot. That'sJN [00:02:18] It could be a lot, yes. It's a very thick layered chocolate cake, so to speak. SC [00:02:27] So let's continue with that thick layer of chocolate cake. So you have lineages in many different parts of the country through very detailed research that you have done. You and I have talked before about- you have tracked your lineage from Vermont to Whitehall, New York to Virginia to Louisiana, I think you said today, right? So maybe can you talk about those different branches of your family tree? JN [00:03:15] Sure, let's see. So I guess it all began with this rumor that was on my father's side of the family that came from Rutland County, Vermont, that their family was related to Queen Victoria. That's something you tell little kids and they think they're really special. But I'm a literal autistic person, so it's just, that was something that was a part of me. And so as I grew a little bit older, you know, I held tight to that. But I also understood that my mother, who was an orphan and raised by a couple of different foster families, had told me that she was Sicilian. It would come to pass that neither one of them were telling the truth. But to my father's credit, he didn't know. So fast forward to adult life after my parents thankfully divorced, I was raised, we were, it was an abusive household, it was a very difficult household to live in. I changed my name when I was 22 to, in honor of my mother, to give back what was taken from her, and that was her Sicilian culture. So I changed my name to a Sicilian name, started singing opera, I found the Catholic religion. I 2 �thought these were all the things that I had to do to build out my inner self and give mom, who was my hero or heroine, Shero, everything that was missing in her life. And so I did, and she lived through it, loved it, and she loved when I cooked for her, she loved when I sang for her. She loved everything about it until I got married. And then I married an Italian-American woman. And while we were looking for places, venues to get married, we decided that we were going to get married in Italy. But then some of the elder people in her family couldn't make the trip, so we had to pivot. So we selected my mother's hometown. So we went there in the year 2000 to look at spaces, and I was in the town. I was like, “you know what? Let's drive by the town hall and let's ask them what, you know, licenses and things that we have to get.” And so we did, and while we're in there, I just had this instinct. I was like, “do you guys have birth records here?” And the woman looked at me and she's like, “yes,” and I'm like, “well, can I pull the birth record for my mother?” She asked for her name and the year that she was born. And so I gave her the name and the birth year, and then she came back with a notebook like this. It was indices to all the birth records. She said, “look through this, see if you can find her name, and then let me know.” I found her name, gave it back to her, and then she comes back and she's like, “This is weird. Your mother has three birth records.” And I looked at the birth records, and one of them, I didn't know what I was looking for. It was the first time I've ever seen a birth record before in my life, except for my own. And I'm looking at it, I'm scanning, and I see this space that has white out. I'm like, I didn't even look to see what the space was, so I looked at another record that was slightly different from the one that I was holding in my hand. It was a different kind of, it was the same document but I think it was from the state as opposed to the town. It was a state birth record, and that too had white out in it. I'm like, I'm sitting there going, what the hell? I see my grandfather's name, Jerome Barber, and I'm like, well, that doesn't look Sicilian. And then I looked at her mother's name, and it was a French-Canadian name, which is what my mother said her mother was, her biological mother. So I looked at the third record, and there weren't any redactions. And I'm staring at this record, and I start reading all the spaces, and then I noticed one of the spaces that had been redacted on the old one, at the previous one, said race, and it said black. I looked at my wife, and I said black. And my wife's chin or my fiance's chin was nailed to the floor. And I looked at the woman, the town clerk, and I said, “they're black people in Castleton, in Vermont?” Because I'd never seen any people of color at all, ever. And I'd been going up there my entire life, and she became very uncomfortable, the woman. And then I look, I looked again at the first birth record, and the space next to legitimate was whited out. And I'm sitting there, I didn't know how to process the legitimacy at that point. I didn't, I just didn't know what that really meant from a legal standpoint. So I stepped out of that building, and, multiple explosions were going off in my head. I'm sitting there going, maybe these people think you know, maybe Sicilians are a little bit darker and they're classified as black. And that's when that journey began. It's just like discerning whether or not… my mother could be black. And rather than go to her, like probably most people would do, I decided that I had to like, circumnavigate her and gather all the information, all the intel that I could possibly get so I can understand the perspective that she's working from if she were lying. Because if she was lying to me, it was a really big lie, and there was a reason for it. And I didn't want to pin her to the wall because I, she didn't deserve to be pinned to a wall by me. Because it might be the case that the world outside had already pinned her to the wall. An inescapable wall. From the year 2000 to the year 2017, I scraped every barrel that I could. I… slithered through Jim Crow's snake pits. And I just, the things that I discovered were… drastic in 3 �every regard. Not only is Vermont 99.9% white, according to the census reports, they had everything on a smaller scale that the Deep South had. And I lived in the Deep South. So I lived in Alabama, I lived in North Carolina. So I do have some perspective there, firsthand perspective. And as I went through all of my surges, I mean, I'm obsessed about this stuff. So I had to build out all kinds of different cases on how to approach a problem that didn't want to be solved. Because the state of Vermont does not want to even discuss this. They've committed so many different offenses that it pains me to even have this conversation. The amount of offenses. But there's extreme archival silence, cover-ups. They had laws in the books that allowed for segregation. When they tout that they were the first state to abolish enslavement, that really wasn't the case at all. They had a partial abolishment of enslavement and they looked the other way at other people who were enslavers. I mean, I've recorded people who were enslaved all the way up through 1850 in the census reports, but can't find anything in terms of manumission records in the archives. Building data, the amount of imprisonment. There were for the limited amount of black people that were in the state historically. Every single one of my black relatives were incarcerated for- it could be justifiable. Maybe some of them were- you crossed the line a little too much when you were driving the car, so we're gonna give you a ticket, kind of a thing. My family, come to find out, my mother's uncle was burned alive in his house, most likely by white supremacists. He was married to a white woman, and she was gone, probably visiting her family, and the house went up in flames with him in it. My grandfather's- my mother's aunt, one of her aunts, was shot through the chest by her white employer in a public space, and she was married to a white man, and my grandfather was sent to prison for having children with my grandmother, and that's [when] my mother recalls…when her parents disappeared. The KKK showed up at their house with torches and threw the torches at the house and tried to burn them alive in the house. And then my grandfather wound up being murdered after he was released from prison. So my mother and her brother, that's why they weren't raised by their family. And now at the same time, that was in 1956 when that happened. My mother was born in 1943, her brother was born in 1944. It would come to pass in 2018 that I received a genetic match. Well, my mother received a genetic match for her first cousin on her father's side. Now, that was an impossibility in my world. I'd done all the calculus there. My mother had 16 aunts and uncles. Well, 15 excluding her father. None of them had children that were registered in live births. So it was only my grandfather who had kids. And come to find out, my mother's aunt was raped by a white man. She became pregnant and she moved down to a woman's home here in New York City to have the baby and gave it up for adoption immediately to a family from Harlem. And that family never told their adopted daughter that she was adopted. She found out when she was 70 years old and was going through her parents' effects, and she saw her adoption papers, and she started asking questions, and she discovered the truth, and that was another brick in this god-awful wall that I'd been building. So, yeah, when you take a look at everything that was occurring around Vermont, now that they were on the border of Whitehall, Washington County (New York). All the things that were ruminating around there left it very ripe for these unconscionable acts to occur. Between eugenics, the KKK, and the laws that enabled for certain things to happen, it got ugly. Mom, in 1950, she and her brother and her family were two of 350 black people enumerated in the 1950s census. So [out of] close to 400,000 people, 350 were black. SC [00:17:51] In the state? 4 �JN [00:17:52] In the state of Vermont. Imagine all the things that could happen at that point. When mom turned 12, she was getting ready to enter high school. And apparently the town fathers, a term I'd never heard of until it was explained to me, got together. They had thrown she and her brother out of one school in the town because they didn't want racial mixing, when they were in elementary school. And they entered a school that was literally south of the tracks, and it was called the South School. At that point I think it was K-8. And they were getting ready to enter high school, and the town fathers acted again, and this time they threw them out of state. That's when my uncle, a man whom I never met, was shipped off to Boys Town in Omaha, Nebraska. He was sent in a colored-only car. He was always listed as Negro or Black. And I was able to get some of his files. As I read through the files, and all the places that he had been sent to after Boys Town, another Catholic orphanage in Burlington, Vermont, and then an industrial school in Vermont. I realized that all of these places had a history of severe sexual abuse. And I began writing my manuscript. My mother, before she passed away, she asked that I write her story for her and the family's story. And I was like, mom, I don't know how to write and I can write a song. I don't know. I'm gonna write a book. But yeah, we're close to the finish line on that one, mom. But anyway, as I was reading through the files, there's so much subtext there, and I'm not good with subtext at all. But as I'm reading through this, the one common theme was he runs away a lot. He's ashamed of who he is because of the color of his skin, and he steals. He acts out, he lashes out. I gave it to a friend of mine who is a social worker, and they asked if I knew if he had been sexually abused. And I said, that's what I was thinking as I was reading through this, that this guy, this kid that's like acting out. This woman reaches out to me, and she apparently was married to him. She's the only person that he had married, and she broke it all down for me that he had been sexually abused in all of those places, and he'd been acting out his whole adult life, became addicted to drugs, alcohol, was very violent in the household to the kids and her, and she had to divorce him because he was he was too violent. Then he wound up taking his life. And this is all because a small town in Vermont couldn't deal with race. And that's what killed me. And then mom…began opening up and talking about how she was sexually abused in her foster homes, and beaten up by the kids because she was the the blankety blank blank blank, think of every pejorative if you want to. And she didn't- she lied because she didn't want me to be subjected to that. And I told her, Ma, I live in New Jersey. Who the hell's gonna know this stuff? My brother had an afro, so okay, there was a shot there, but I didn't have an afro. There was no way I could, everybody thought I was Mexican, I was the Mexican kid. Which actually I love that because I have a ton of genetic matches from Mexico, that's enslavement induced for sure. So that's kind of a nutshell. JN [00:22:59] It's a lot to work through. SC [00:23:00] How do you feel- you feel okay after talking about it? JN [00:23:05] It’’s a little tough but you gotta muscle through. It's tough for me to organize my thoughts. So I know I'm all over the place out there. SC [00:23:23] So that's a lot of heaviness. Can I ask a follow up? How was the relationship between your mother and her brother with all of those artificial barriers put between them all that forced movement? How did they reflect on that? 5 �JN [00:23:41] Well, as far as I know, in our adult life, I don't think she ever saw him. She had to, from what I could tell in the files, she was his guardian when he was 17 years old. He'd been thrown out of every school, and he was thrown out of the industrial school. Now, this industrial school, it's called Weeks, had some really bad stuff. They were shut down because really bad stuff happened there too. I don't know, I think mom told me that he stole the rent money from their house. And that was, that was it. She said, you can't come back. And I don't know if they ever spoke again. I know that I never met him. All the times that we come up, she'd always go up and want to see her mother, who was her foster mother, but that was her mother, who was- I never gave her the credit. You know, when I started working through all of this, my biggest regret in my life, anything that I've ever said to anybody…is this thing that I said to my mother when her mother passed away in July of 1994. She wanted me to come up to the funeral, and I said I wouldn't because she wasn't really her mother. And that was right at the time that I just changed my name, and I was really just embracing things, and for me to have said something so mean in that moment and not really understanding who this person was to my mother. Their foster family was extraordinarily poor. I mean, the house scared me every time I went in because it was just really dilapidated. There were always, always kids in there. And don't know whose kids they were sometimes. She was always looking after kids. And a lot of them were local kids and a lot of them were her biological grandkids and she was super sweet, she was always so damn nice, but she was also- you didn't want to mess with this lady. I mean, she had big meaty arms, she had broad shoulders, and she chain smoked palm all filterless cigarettes, and you didn't want to get in her way, but she had the biggest heart that you'd ever seen on an individual. You could tell that she just loved everybody that was in her circle. I knew that from the very get-go, but there was just some really strange energy that hit me every time I went inside that house. It would come to pass that some of her, one or two of her husbands had abused my mother physically, sexually. I don't know to what extent, I didn't ask mom. She just gave me that little bit of stuff, and then my uncle's ex-wife actually brought it up in a conversation. So I was like, oh, this must be true. You know, she's like, “yeah, your mother used to allow the stepfather to touch her so we wouldn't get near her brother" kind of thing. I was like, wow, that's just wow. I don't even know what that's like. I mean, I can't even imagine what that's like. And I can't have those conversations, that's the sad part, I can't have those conversations with my cousins who were the foster kids, my mother's foster sister's kids. You can't have that conversation with them. So these are things that can't be addressed, and all of those people have ostracized me anyway. They found out that I was writing a book and they're like, oh God, we're hiding. They wouldn't even go to my mother's funeral…which was sad. She passed away during the pandemic, but not because of pandemic reasons. And that was tough because shethat was just at the end of my research two years prior to that. This is a great story. Let me rewind it, 2012. Twenty twelve, I was working as a server and a union rep in Rockefeller Center, a restaurant server and a union rep. And I was just freaking out because I just couldn't figure out if my mother was Sicilian or she was black still. Because I had found enough evidence that in Whitehall there was a family with the same last name, Barber, and they were Sicilian, and I traced them to Ellis Island. I had their actual birth surnames were Barbera from outside of Palermo, I can't remember the name of the town. So that was always in the mix. I'm like, well, there's this Barber family, but living in mom's hometown were black Barbers. I just didn't want to accept it because I couldn't find photos of anybody. And I couldn't believe that the man looking back at me in the mirror was a black man. I just couldn't believe that. But there was my brother's hair, so that was an issue. 6 �So this one guy who I was very friendly with, I was always talking to him because he's married to a black woman, and he kind of understood the struggles, and he finally said, you know what? You might think this is an idiotic thing, but my wife and I, we go and see a psychic medium, and I went, “psychic medium?” I never even thought about that. And he's like, “well, what do you think of psychics?” And I was like, well, I don't know. I've never met one, but I know that I dream things and like the predictive things, the next day that very thing will happen. It's just silly things like people hadn't seen in like 10 years, and then they're there the very next day, and I'm like, “How did that happen?” So it's like having foresight or 360 degree vision, almost. And that's happened to me many times throughout my life, and he's like, “Listen. You go, he doesn't cost a lot of money right now, but I guarantee you he's gonna be really, really big. And if you don't like it, I'll pay for it.” I said, “alright, well, I got nothing to lose, right?” So this is 2012. I sit down with a guy, great guy, he starts telling me all kinds of stuff that blew me out of my seat. I mean, I was hanging from the rafters, all this stuff. I was like, how is he doing this? I'm looking for an earpiece, I'm looking for a seat. Not everybody had cell phones at that point, so he didn't have a cell phone in front of him. We were just sitting in a room, there wasn't a computer, so the only way he could have known these things is if he had an earpiece. I made the appointment, it was about two weeks out. I gave him my first name, which at that point was Rosario. Rosario, which is still my second middle name. I couldn't quite delete all of the Sicilian out of me. I called from the work phone and made the appointment. So there wasn't a way that he could research me. So he starts spouting off things about my wife's family that there's no way, no way anybody could have ever known these things. And I was like, this guy's good. I don't know how the hell he knows that. There's just no way. And then he goes, “there's this guy that keeps on coming in and out. He tells me his name is Jer.. Jer.. Jeremy?” And I went, you would think that I would need a diaper, let's put it that way. That's the look I had on my face. And I was like, Jerome? And he's like, Yeah, Jerome, who is that? And I said, Well, that's who I'm here to talk about. And then he starts spouting off all of this stuff, talking about my mother, it's not what he wanted. There were people in power who didn't want him there, they didn't want his family there, they didn't, you know, it's not- it wasn't a good situation for anybody. And then he mentioned, he goes, “there's a problem with your mother's birth certificate. Did you ever get that fixed?” And I went, oh my God, how is he…and then the medium says, I don't know, I don't know what he means by that, but take it for whatever it's worth and I'm just sitting there going “...Whoops”. JN [00:33:47] And so I said, listen, “are they black?” And he puts his hands over his eyes and he's like, you know, they don't want to show me. And I'm like, yeah, okay, this is this is where I'm gonna get him. And he goes, “they're like covered in scarves and hats and big long coats. Did they come from someplace cold?” I just sat there and I'm like, he's fishing. And I go, yeah, they came from Vermont. He goes, okay, Vermont, okay, okay. And he's like, “yeah, you know what? This side of the family, they're black, but your mother's mother's side isn't.” And I was like, okay, is that right? And I said, “is there a picture of it?” And he said, “is there a picture of him?” He goes, “I feel like there's a picture of him or them or him. It's a picture, a painting or a photo.” He goes, yeah, “but you'd have to contact an historical society or something.” I said, “where?” And he's like, “where?” He said, “it's in or near Stowe, like the town next to Stowe, maybe.” And I sat there, man. I'm like, Stowe is 100 miles from Castleton, Vermont. I can't imagine. Why would anybody have a photo of a black guy or a painting of a black guy hanging on their wall? So we closed up shop. I walked out believing that this guy had a real gift. Now I had to find the painting. 7 �So I called all the historical societies. I had one person laugh at me and just said, “I'm sorry. We don't know.” And then I had two others just hang up the phone. And it was then that I realized that I'm in a real uphill battle in terms of getting information about black people in the state. I already knew there was silence, but I didn't realize that there was gonna be this kind of coldness towards me. Now we're gonna fast forward from 2012 to 2017, January of 2017. It's about 3:30 in the morning. And I had this dream. I'm asleep, have this dream. This voice gets into my ear and starts saying, “mugshots, mugshots, mug shots.” It starts getting louder and louder until he's screaming in my ear. And I wake up and I'm like, mugshots. So I go over to my computer and I reach out to a friend of mine who lives in Vermont who is a researcher. Her name is Elise Guyette. She wrote a beautiful book about the black history of Vermont. And she'd been coaching me and guiding me a little bit on what to look for in the records. And I sent her an email and I said, you know, I just had a dream about mugshots. Is there a possibility that there might be mugshots existing from I don't know, I don't know who this was talking to me, but you know, from 1940s, 1950s, maybe even before then. One day later, she sends me an email. It's got a picture of my grandfather– a mugshot–and it was located in the town next to Stowe in an historical repository. Wow. And that's when- I'm getting goosebumps again. Every time I tell this story, it's just goosebumps. That's when I just knew. Alright, my grandfather came to visit me in my sleep. This psychic knows what he's doing. And I'm glad I didn't have the immediate information. I'm glad that the psychic couldn't tell me right off the bat, go to the archives in Middlesex, there'll be a mugshot. Because I would have missed so much other stuff that I had found. Because I would have stopped right there. All I wanted was that. That was going to be all the proof that I needed. Was that for my journey? Was it possible that my mother was actually black and I'm black, and it wasn't, you know, some latent ancestor out in the orbit near Neptune, from like 400 years ago. Because this is 180 degrees opposite of who I thought her family was. With this discovery, I had to go to mom. That was the order of business. So we drove up, sat her down in a church, in the church where her father's funeral was. That was the last time she had seen her brother, was in this church. Come to find out my grandfather had converted to Catholicism a year before his murder. SC [00:38:59] This grandfather? JN [00:39:00] Yeah. Which is really bizarre. JN [00:39:08] So I sat mom down and I started to break a little bit and we got it we got it on video and she's mid-stages Alzheimer's at this point so I was like, I don't know how much of this is gonna stick but she needs to know everything that I've I've discovered about her father and her parents and why she wasn't raised- I mean imagine being going through everything that I know that she went through and knowing in the back of your mind it was probably because of what your race was but also being raised to believe that you weren't loved by anybody. That you were just trash that was disposed of by the side of the road, that was what she went through and her brother went through and so many hundreds of thousands of others, well millions of others across the world probably experience something similar to that. So I felt, after the life that my mother had led with my father… her second husband was an extraordinary man but we would discover after he passed away from alcoholism that he 8 �was having an affair, and that crushed my mother. So I was just like this lady just she's been through everything there is there anything that I can do to to lift her up and this was this was the best that I could do we sat her down in the church and I had one two three three different modes of this photo to show to her and I wanted to reintroduce her to her father and at that point I didn't know that she had any memories of him at all. So I photoshopped one that took the pad, the mugshot pad off from around his neck, so it was just him and in his suit. I was like, all right, that's how I'm gonna introduce him. And that didn't really elicit a response. So I was like, you know what? I'm gonna show her the mugshot. Maybe, I'll make a connection there. And I pulled out the mug shut and she looks at it and she holds it out like this. And then she goes, “oh my God, is that…” and I said, I just nodded my head, and then she started crying, and she pulled him into her chest and started hugging the photo and she's crying. And I'm sitting there, I thought I was helpless. So I just sat down next to her in the pew and I said, you know, we can cry together. And we just sat there. That opened up some conversations which continued up until her passing in 2020. She was able to expunge the ills that had haunted her her whole life. I've been doing some consulting work for a gentleman, a philanthropist in Rutland, Vermont, the city closest to her hometown of Castleton. It was for a freeze, a marble or a granite freeze of the Massachusetts 54th Regiment Civil War soldiers, the colored unit that was famous, but I think all of the colored troops ought to receive the same due. I was doing some consulting work on how they should word things on their plaque that they were going to affix to the freeze. And they wanted me to come up for the unveiling and speak. I said, Yeah, sure, no, no problem. And then I started thinking about it, “I wonder if mom would do it?” At this point we had moved her into assisted living and she had caretakers around the clock. I reached out to the caretaker and I said, “how would you feel about bringing mom over to this? I'm supposed to speak, but I'm in New York City, I'm gummed up with work, and I just can't do it. Would you feel comfortable bringing mom in?” And she said, “yeah, absolutely. I think she would, she said she would love to do it. She can't stop talking about this and what you've done.” That made me really proud. And then she took her, and my mother got up in front of everybody and outed herself as a black woman and said, “these are my relatives on the wall.” She got on the front page of the paper, she got in the news, and I was like, I was over the moon. I was like, she did this. Or we did this together, but she did it. She conquered everything that had been bothering her. Now we don't know what happened to her mother. Well, I know what happened. She disappeared on the other side of the state. She'd been threatened several times, I guess, not to have any contact with the kids. And she had children from another marriage. She disappeared on the other side of the state. She lived until, I think she passed away in 1995. Not once did she try to contact my mother or anybody else. Whereas my grandfather was murdered in 1965 before I was born. Yeah, so it was just like, why- who doesn't contact their children? But again, a world of some sort of fear and loathing that she probably combated herself. I'll never know that story, even though I have spoken with and met a couple of mom's half-brothers and sisters, and they have no recollection of what happened. They too were sent into foster homes for a while, and then when her mother, when their mother remarried, she collected them. But she never went back for my mother and her brother. Yeah, it's just the hate that lives within us. That serves to divide us, it just doesn't make any sense to me. As a little kid, the town that I was raised in was highly diverse. It was primarily Jewish, but you know, we lived directly across the street from a conservative temple. We lived in apartments, and each section was a section of four apartments. And those four apartments, three of them, the women who lived their names were Rose. My 9 �mother was one of them. I always say I was raised by the three Roses. The other two Roses were Holocaust survivors. And they didn't like talking about it that much, but every once in a while things would come out. It's kind of like that became a part of me. It was this understanding of the hatefulness of humans and the causality of things in this world. It was about that time that our school, my elementary school had a unit on Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. That became a huge thing with me. It resonated with me in the deepest of ways. Come to find out, I guess my ancestors would have been talking to me since day one. I mean, even the name of my elementary school, Lafayette, was my great-grandfather's name. All of this stuff was always around me, these little things. It's funny when I was sitting with another psychic, she stopped and she said, “were you ever in a car accident that you should have died in?” And I just looked at her and I said, “uhh…” and she goes, “you should have died that day.” And she's pointing it, pointing at my midsection. The crash was right there, between you and the steering wheel, and I went, “Okay,” and she and she said, your grandfather threw himself in between you and the steering wheel. And that's when I just said, You're 100% correct. It was the New Jersey turnpike. Got hit on by a hit 18-wheeler and smashed into the guardrails. And if you looked at my car, I had to be, they had to cut me out. I didn't have a scratch on me. Nobody could believe it. The car was just absolutely destroyed, and not one scratch on me. And the very the very next day, the very next day, I started work in a new job in Northern Virginia because I was going to school and so I was working in a restaurant, started this new job, and my very first customer sitting waiting for me to come and say hello was a Catholic priest by the name of Jerome. I was like, whoa, because at that point I knew my grandfather's name was Jerome. But I always thought Jerome was Sicilian. I didn't know what his last name was at that point. So even then I was like, wow, that's really coincidental. But when I get this third layer, this extra layer added on to it, you know, you think, wow, that's just that's really intense for me. I had to- any means necessary to pull the truth to extract the truth. I used psychics, and whenever I had triangulation of information, I knew that it was probably accurate information that was coming through. I had to throw things away because I felt like I gave too much in the moment. When you start giving a lot of information, then people can start doing whatever they want with it. Doesn't make them a psychic, it just makes them intuitive about the things that you're saying. But when you start- when you have four or five different psychics telling you the same thing, you have to listen. You really have to listen. Particularly if they don't have access to you in online forums and things like that. Now I do some consulting work for the state of Vermont in trying to rectify the books on history because I think it's imperative. Now there is, bringing this to New York State, there is definite synergy between Vermont and New York State, all the way across from Clinton County all the way down to Washington County. I mean you can gauge how our people moved in and out. Some of them were indentured servants. My mother's aunts and one uncle were indentured servants in New York State as children. SC [00:52:25] In what era, what decade? When- multiple decades? JN [00:52:30] It was the early twentieth century. Another one was in the mid-19th century. This is one that's potentially quite meaningful in, I hate to say it, dispelling the myth of the Underground Railroad actually being in Vermont. There's been a lot of work done on the Underground Railroad in Vermont where everybody has a story of underground railroad stations being in Vermont. It makes for great storytelling, and I hope that it winds up being 10 �true. But I know of at least one [town] might not be the case, and that's in Fairhaven, which is the town that my mother was actually raised in, which is in between Castleton, Poulteny, and Whitehall. And it was one of my mother's, well, three of my mother's family members, were… the family was really poor, as was the case for pretty much all the black families. They're really poor, so three of the kids were taken by the town overseer, and one fellow who is listed as an underground railroad station agent, well, his house, the Ellis household, took them, agreed to be their guardian for a year, or at least one year, and was given, I believe, $400 per child. And one of them was immediately sold, or sent to indentured servitude in Washington County, New York. So knowing how Vermonters operate, I think maybe the fact that the guy had three black children that he was guardian for may have somehow grown into him being an underground railroad agent. I haven't seen any evidence otherwise. There's another farmhouse that straddles the New York State border, and it's called the West Cot Farm. So it's West Haven and Whitehall. That purportedly there were tunnels underneath and all the enslaved people had carved their names in. I'm like, they didn't know how to write. What are they gonna carve in there? I've been trying to get archeology students in there to use technology to see if there's anything in maybe the sub-basements or tunnels, and if we could, we could probably get somebody in there to see if those rumors are true. But nobody's been able to do it yet. There's another cemetery that's storied to be a black cemetery. We did get ground penetrating equipment in there and were able to ascertain that there were I think 25 sets of remains underground, but we haven't been able to get into them to get samples and analyze who they are. I mean you could easily tell if you know by a genetic sample if somebody is of European background 100% or African, European, Native American, so on and so forth. So I think that's a pet project of mine that I would really like to be able to to see through is get some sort of fundamental understanding of who these unnamed individuals are. SC [00:56:59] And that's in Vermont the cemetery, or that's on that border? JN [00:57:02] No, that's in Vermont. That's around Lake Bomoseen. It's called Briggs Cemetery. SC [00:57:08] Wow. And that's known as a person of color cemetery? JN [00:57:16] Two brothers side by side, white guys named Briggs owned a whole lot of property, and that was their property. There are I think 25 marked gravestones there, and then there are 25 unmarked. Now the state owns that property, so you'd have to go through the state now to petition to get in there. I think it's easier than saying, hey, I need to exhume my grandfather, for example, whom I wouldn't need to, it would be my great-grandmother, would be somebody I'd want to exhume. Because when you exhume in the state of Vermont, you have to get the clearance from every living family member, no matter where they live, and get them to sign off on it. I don't know if I could do that or not. Well, I don't even know how many people there living and what their religious beliefs might be when it comes to that. I mean, no barriers. Let's get that sucker up, let's pop off a piece of bone, put them back in, analyze it. A friend of mine is the owner of a forensic crime lab, one of- the biggest in the United States. He's happy to do the work. So I've- I have the pipeline in place. So it's a matter of getting investment into the state of Vermont to get that done. And I would love to be the one who digs it up. I mean, sweat equity, I would love that. 11 �New York State comes into play for a lot of us. Because number one, their genetic matches, they're just profound, not a profound amount. There I have two large clusters that speak to New York State connections, but those two large clusters also lead back to Virginia. But when you look at my timeline, the timeline in Vermont begins in 1850. That's when documentation surfaces in the state for most free people of color. So our names aren't listed, we're just checked off. So there are at least one, two, three. There are three family lines whose documentation points into New York State out of Castleton, in terms of a place of birth. But there's a big “but.” When you start looking at 1850 from that timeline, you're looking at the drafting and passing of the Fugitive Slave Act. So the smart ones will put down the free states. I'm from Vermont. I'm from New York. Somebody helped them a long way. I mean, there was the Underground Railroad. We all know, we accept that to be true. And they were, they were educated on the way as to what to say. So you can't find- when you can't find records, but your genetics tell you some other things, then you kind of have to figure out how to aggregate, separate, and organize all of these things into something that makes sense. And for black and brown families, this is the impossibility, particularly in the Northeast, where we weren't less- I mean we were far less, and we were sporadically placed around the states, and there was severe archival silence on all of these ancestors. Vermont didn't become a state until 1791. Yeah, they didn't start reporting live births until I think it was 1810 or 1820, and then they didn't even have to report it to the state until I think 1860 when it became mandated. So good luck finding records. It's very, very difficult to do. Now, to kind of amplify that a little bit, in 2017 when I discovered my grandfather's mugshot, I also learned through genetic testing and a whole lot of work that my father was illegitimate. It took me 24 hours to rebuild my father's family tree on the paternal line all the way back to England 1640. I'm on year 25 on my mother's side. I can't get beyond 1850 out of the state of Vermont. That's how difficult it is for us. To figure out who the hell we are and where we came from. Names aren't a thing. Names only last so long. So, you know, if you're traded in between masters, your names might have changed too. When you were free or emancipated or ran away, you might have started using a different name. You might not have had a surname. There are all kinds of ifs, buts, ands. You just follow whatever trail you possibly can. There are Jacksons all over the place, and that comprises a good portion of my family. But there's so many in the town of Castleton alone, there are three separate Jackson lines. This Jackson, the Jackson line that I can document for myself may be the line of Jacksons that were emanating out of Stillwater (New York), but go back into Virginia. But it might be the case that you know there were illegitimate births in my mother's family line that just aren't documented, and I can't figure out who they are just because of the vagaries of names and how fluid those things are. We have genetic matches who made it into Canada, but I can backtrace them into Kentucky. I think Kentucky is as far back as I got, or maybe it was Texas. But without anything to anchor them to or phase them to, you can't make sense of them. You just know that's a place I gotta look. Do the numbers line up? I mean, anything that happened to my family in terms of genetic matches, it's gonna happen prior to 1850. And really, when I say 1850, it's really about 1825 because those people appearing in 1850 were actually born in 1825. So I would need to look for an 1825 number somewhere. So it just becomes calculus without an equation to work with. So you're spitballing, you're constantly spitballing. Unless you can find a journal or something that somebody, you know, spoke to, like the book that I showed you that pointed to Louisiana. SC [01:05:46] Is that Kenneth Perry’s? 12 �JN [01:05:48] No, that's not Perry's. That's Tranquility [Harold P. Sheldon] with the illustration. SC [01:05:54] That looks like an old book. JN [01:05:55] It is. SC [01:05:57] And how did you get to that book? JN [01:06:00] That's a darn good question. How did I get to that book? I honestly don't know. My mother was- when she lived with her foster family, she lived on a place called Sheldon Road in Fairhaven (Vermont). It was in the backwoods of Fairhaven. Well come to find out, that's where this fella lived. So the road was their family's road. SC [01:06:29] Oh wow. JN [01:06:31] And as I kept on digging on that, I discovered that he'd written three books. And they're hunting books, and I'm just like, hunting? I don't- I've never held a gun in my hands. Why would I want these books? But I was just like- I read a caption, I was like, oh, I like the way this guy puts language together, he puts his words together, it's very, very, consumable. And so I was like, alright, I'll buy them. And I bought the books. Then I opened up the table of contents, and then I started thumbing through, and I saw the illustration. I'm like, oh, that's a man, that's an illustration of a black guy. Where does this take place? And like Tranquility is a, it's a fictionalized name for the town where mom lived, Fairhaven. SC [01:07:22] In Vermont? JN [01:07:23] In Vermont. JN [01:07:26] And then I read the chapter, and he describes perfectly where my great-great-grandfather had lived. To the T, exactly where he lived. I mean, in the exact spot that I know that he lived. So I knew he was talking about my great-great-grandfather. He just changed the last name from Barber to Jackson, but he kept his first name Congo. So the Jacksons were the other part of my family, the Barbers, the Hunters, the Hawkins. And the funny thing is, in this town, every surname that a black family has, a white one appears in this family, in the town. So my father's mother is white Barber, my mother's father is black Barber, both from the same exact town. But there's no enslavement heritage there to explore. It's just purely “coincidental.” SC [01:08:23] Yeah, that's interesting because I saw that a lot in the Washington County Free Black census records. Surnames like Boston or De Ritter appeared and had white equivalents. Very Dutch. So I wasn't sure if those meant that they were white tenant farmers that enslaved black people and that's why they took the surname or what? JN [01:08:45] Whenever you see a Dutch surname, you could probably guess that that was their enslavers name. And you could probably go right into the Dutch Reformed Church records and find something there. I don't have any of those Dutch surnames, but my cousins do. I have one cousin who's a Wicks, guarantee you that was Wicks. And I have- I do actually have matches from the Albany area with Dutch surnames who are black. But I think I'm related to them through the Jacksons because they all have the same 13 �Jackson line in there with each other. My problem is I can't get my Jackson line out of Vermont, so I don't know where to tether that Jackson line to or whether I have multiples. Like my cousins out of Castleton, whom I've met, we had a black to Vermont reunion. I called it “Black to Vermont.” SC [01:09:50] When was that? JN [01:09:51] That was in 2018 before my mother passed away. And it was absolutely fantastic. I learned who I was. These people were so much more like me than any of my father's family. Like I knew my piece of my puzzle, where to put it, was when I was standing with them. And they were just so loving and so jubilant and joyous, and they just like there no questions, no consternation. I thought I'd get some stink eye from some of them. No, you know, who is this guy? What's he looking for? You know, and it was none of that. It was just everybody was silly, it's just like wide open. And they were all born and raised in Saratoga (Springs, NY), and not one of them had ever been to Castleton. But they all knew that they came from Castleton at some point. SC [01:10:41] Those are Jacksons? JN [01:10:43] Yeah, they're all from the Jacksons family. SC [01:10:46] And do you go back to Saratoga often or that area orJN [01:10:50] They're a little dodgy. Okay. I have because of politics, two cousins in Vermont no longer speak to me. One of them was the person that I thought was kind of like a brother figure and we stayed with. Not anymore. No blow up, no nothing. It was just yeah, I can't have you guys stay with me anymore. It was like, wow really? Because of politics? SC [01:11:18] Politics? That's really upsetting. JN [01:11:22] It was very upsetting. And my daughters even more so because they actually loved it and I love them too. I mean there was just no warning sign or anything. It was just they can't have you anymore. Alright. And my father's family, who live in the same town, they all divorced me about- they divorced me when I discovered that my father was illegitimate. Like that's what they did. Instead of like, how'd you discover this or that you're a liar, your spout no lie…and [they] just got rid of me, refused to talk to me. My aunt, my favorite person in the family, just decided that I wasn't good enough to speak to anymore. Really? That's how you handle that. Okay, so I had- there wasn't anybody to visit anymore, so we don't go up there any longer. And it stinks because we love the area and we loved the people. I have animosity not at the individuals, but the lack of conversation. That's where the animus is. Nobody wanted to speak about it. It just made their decision that, hey, these guys are disposable too.This guy's too much trouble, he talks too much truth. SC [01:12:59] So why do you think that it pains them? Were they not willing to acknowledge their black ancestry or just the fact thatJN [01:13:06] My cousin did. He was, when I found this, he was super excited. But he didn't have the best relationship with his father. But he gave me full permission to write the book and use his father's name. I was like, listen, I can change the name. I can make this a work of fiction. And he said no, “I think it's important enough that everybody knows what happened and uses the name.” So I thought- and even the last time I went to visit him was 14 �when I was lecturing at Castleton University, that was 2023. He pulled out a bunch of photos that he had found of the school that they attended, the elementary school that they attended, and gave them to me, and we were just hanging out, yucking it up. And then I knew the jig was up when he dropped me off for the train to go back to New York and he started taking selfies with me. I was like, wait a minute, this guy's never posed for a photo with me in my life. This is the last time I'm gonna see this guy. And it was. SC [01:14:17] Wow, so if you think he made that decision–you don't have to answer that but I'm just interested–why did he decide to do that? JN [01:14:24] The politics. SC [01:14:27] Politics like American politics. Really? That's so bad. It's so bad that it's like that. JN [01:14:35] His mother told me and she's on that side too and she's a lovely woman and I'm so grateful for her presence in my life because she's the one that told me what she did and I know those were painful things for her to tell me. But it's like- why would you decide to not love somebody because they disagree with you politically? Speaker 4 [01:15:04] Mm-hmm. JN [01:15:06] To a degree I can understand it. We're all kind of conditioned, depending on the bubble that you're in. You only see that bubble, you only hear that bubble, you only speak to that bubble. I do understand that. I don't understand our inability to get outside of those bubbles and kind of get a more holistic view of the world at large and the root causes for things that happen as well. So they’re, you know, there are people that don't want to do the work. Or, you know, they're working too hard and they can't invest themselves, so they only get a five-minute sound bite of something and they and they run with it. These things all happen. I don't know how to cure that. I don't think it can be cured. But it saddens me when it, you know, breaks people apart. SC [01:16:11] We talked a lot about very specific and personal stories that you shared which are thorny, complex, heavy, joyous, all of those things simultaneously, which you've worked really hard to uncover, which is incredible. Can you talk about what that work process means to you? JN [01:16:39] I think that everyone who is alive and able to genetically test and involve themselves in their genealogies needs to do it. Not ought to, but needs to. For these reasons and these reasons only. We're not taught history the way it happened. We're taught history the way that a publisher wants us to consume it. The only way we can learn about real history is to make it personal. I didn't know anything about black history until I discovered I was black. I thought I knew the basics, George Carver “the peanut man,” Martin Luther King, enslavement, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass. That was the greatest hits. That's pretty much all you learn barring being a major in black history in college. When it applies to you, or an individual like myself, it just changed everything about who I thought I was and turned me into who I was supposed to be. Now, I don't expect you or anybody else who's listening to this to understand it, but part of being on the autistic spectrum for me is my inability to have emotional connections, and I kind of live in a duality where there isn't interconnectivity. It’s kind of like wearing a fishbowl around my head that doesn’t allow me to be in the present moment with you. Or with the 15 �world at large. It’s like I’m in my own chamber no matter where it is that I walk, and so I understand that genealogy feeds my desire to want to be a part of this world that I can't find a way to connect with. And so this is why this work was so meaningful to me, is because it kind of plugged me into the world around me. But I still have to unplug it to recharge. So I know that I'm never a permanent part of this structure, this world. My mind isn't present when I'm here. Even as I'm speaking now, I'm thinking of about a thousand different things in my head. It's just- there isn't presence for me. And that's just a very difficult thing for me. Living with people I never knew in my head is much easier than living with people who are in front of me. Because I get to speak, think, and hear them on my terms. And whether or not they come to me in dreams or while I'm standing talking to you, this is what it is for me. I think it's just really important for people to appreciate how we got here. And we got here on the shoulders of every direct ancestor, biological ancestor before us. That's the bare calculus, the raw calculus of humankind. The biology. It took other people to nurture us, but the only reason why we're standing here with our own two feet, it's simple. We need to figure out a way to understand and honor all of those that came before us. Whether it's just a quick thing of gratitude, even if it was an enslaver, even if it was under the worst of circumstances, there's no other way we would have gotten here. You remove one person out of that family tree of your direct ancestry, we disappear. So, in a sense, there's this energy about us that props us up, and we need to be cognizant of that and breathe it back out into eternity and be grateful for what we have on a basic level. And then we dig and we learn, and it becomes a part of us, in as much as it can be a part of us. It takes a lot of time. I mean, it takes a lot of time and a lot of energy, and to try and understand basic principles of genealogy, it's simple-ish, but to understand the genetic components, it gets a little more difficult, and then when you are playing around with genetic software like genetic mapping and things like that, that's a whole different level of understanding. But it's helpful. So I think it's just well worth it. I mean, to understand that- at least my perspective is I'm not trying to shame people. I have a lot of really bitter emotions with regards to my family, but I'm not blaming anybody for it. I can't blame anybody for it. But if you try and take that away from me by erasing it, then I can blame it. Erasure, First Amendment principles, this whole thing, this whole politicization of DEI, it just is deeply disruptive and disturbing to me. First of all, there's no such thing as DEI. There isn't a definition. I've sat on DEI panels for schools, and all we do is talk about books. And it's not just black authors, it's Israeli authors, it's Asian authors, it's whomever gets to pick a book, we read the book and we discuss what that's like. That was the DEI panel for the schools that my children attended. DEI is not affirmative action, and that's what I think everybody has been led to believe by this political administration. And when you start scrubbing off, you know, you can't say the word enslaved in federal government property or in the lexicon, we're done. We're done as a society. We're finished because there is no equity there, there's no equality there. You are literally erasing history. And as the great Chuck D from Public Enemy says, history is a mystery if we're not learning. And that's just a fact. So that's the important part of my work, is to get truths out that were never told before in a place that no one knew that these things were occurring. Like you look at the data across the globe, the state of Vermont is one of the whitest spaces on planet Earth. And so this just becomes even more challenging to discuss. I've had death threats before my lectures, sent to the institutions and stuff. At least I know I'm striking a cord. Right, I mean, hey, if I wind up dead as a result of my work, that means I did the right work. I mean it would suck, I don't want it to happen, but it means they've proven the point. It's a very broad but yet finite lens that humanity has to look back at itself, 16 �to reflect upon. And if we don't get those granular stories out, I think it would be a shame, and it's okay to interrogate things. I didn't know that, for example, as I was going through this, I didn't realize that there was not a large presence, but there was a presence of Jewish people in Vermont. And there was a Jewish cemetery the next town over. And as soon as I discovered that, I went over and I paid my respects, and I went and I touched every single headstone there because I knew why they'd come to Vermont. And to me that was just as moving as anything else, is that these people came to this tiny little state to get away from living hell, just like my ancestors had. I also learned that there was a very very small Asian presence dating back to the 19th century. [Also] Lebanese, you learn all of these things as you're going through history and you realize things were more expressive and in terms of on an organic level and that there was cultural exchange and maybe things could grow from that. So we need to do that, and I think genealogy and genetics, the only ways that we can accomplish that. I'm a firm believer in that. I'm a very firm believer in that. I know that others would push back and the points would be well made as to why not, but let's be honest. If we're doing what we should be doing and if we're truthful about the things that we do, then maybe we shouldn't have a problem with it. But then there's the weaponization of things. So and that happens. We know that too. So that's that question. SC [01:27:44] That makes me think a lot about your story. You have lots of places. Obviously the focus is on Vermont, but you traced your lineage to multiple different geographical and physical spaces. What does place mean to you? Maybe it doesn't have to just be Vermont, but what does place or home mean to you? JN [01:28:10] Let's take the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy says there's no place like home, but what happens when you've never had a home? That's me. But conceptualization, I think, of what you're saying, and correct me if I'm wrong, does knowing- just having this purview of knowing so far what I've been able to farm from my genetic matches and where these ancestors stretch back to, does that give me a sense of fulfillment as much as I as I possibly can for home. Is it more settling for me? Maybe. So I have- genetic matches pretty much all that I have to go from. So the largest prevalence of genetic matches that we have from mom's side, black side of her family, come from Madagascar. We have a ton. I mean, it's just, it's actually overwhelming the amount of genetic matches. And I've been able to meet some of my genetic cousins. They live here in New York City, actually. And they were sweethearts. I mean their phenotypes are- they look Filipino or Indonesian, and they're just tiny, and they're all doctors. They moved from Madagascar to New York maybe about 20, 25 years ago. So you know, I learned through that journey that you know Madagascar was not a part of Africa until 1972. When it became an administrative part of Africa, much like Puerto Rico is to the United States. That's what Madagascar is to the continent of Africa and the African nations. It sits on its own continental shelf. It was originally populated by Indonesians. Back around 700 AD, making it one of the youngest populated nations in the world. And then East Africans made their way over shortly after. And the genetics actually speak to that story as well, so that's pretty cool. Probably the most eye-opening aspect of that from an historical standpoint was the king who ruled over Madagascar was considered to be- now I don't want to use that. All of hisall of the citizens were subjects. You could apply the term slave master. I don't think thatit's not the same in African nations or in those areas, because chattel enslavement was developed in the New World. That has legal precedent attached to it. In these African/Indian Ocean Island nations, it was different. I'm the king, I own everything and everyone in it, and I can send you off on a ship, and that's what he did. He traded and sent 17 �his citizens off with East India Trading Company, the Dutch trading company, so on and so forth. Anybody on those sailing trips or the ship routes, shipping routes, they traded goods for human beings. And the Malagasy people were purportedly, I think we can affirm that now, the first enslaved sent to the New World with the Portuguese into Brazil. So I have matches in Brazil and in analyzing the racial component of our shared genetic segments, it's Southeast Asian admixture, which speaks to a Malagasy ancestor. And then when you look at our shared matches, we share some Malagasy and matches who live in Madagascar or live in European nations that came from Madagascar. The shipping routes- human trafficking is everything if we're gonna understand history. It's all about where ships could go and where they could bring humans back and forth from. Enslavement of all forms for the most part was a big part of that, and it was just absolutely fluid. When you look at the shipping routes that came from African nations into the Caribbean, then down to South Africa, then down into South America rather, and then into Central America, and then up to New England, and then back down into Central America…it was constant back and forth, and people were constantly being moved around. And you sit there and you try to make sense of it from a genetic standpoint. I have a ton of matches from Mexico. So that probably speaks to Veracruz, because that was the largest shipping port, enslavement port, south of the United States at that time. So I think that's probably where my indigenous ancestry is coming from. Then you look at the politics and the laws at that time. Great Britain had put their embargo on enslavement, I believe it was around 1800, 1801, of the importation of enslaved people from Africa, but that also left open for them to continue moving enslaved people around all their territories. The Caribbean islands, Guyanas, South America, Honduras, I have matches from Honduras and El Salvador, that whole area, and that was all British controlled at that time. These humans were being moved from port to port. And finally they made it up into Vermont and into me, sitting at this table in New York City. I mean, that's how this works, right? So you look at the laws, and then well, Thomas Jefferson was like, well, I'm not gonna let Great Britain off like that. So we need to compete. Jefferson was competing with the Carolinas for enslavement ports and the ports in general. So he drafted the embargo on the importation of enslaved people from Africa. It got passed into law in 1807, I believe it was 1810, that he signed the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon was going broke. He's like I'm gonna control supply and demand. And so he bought- negotiated with Napoleon, bought the Louisiana territories, which at that point was a huge part of the United States, barring Mexico. People don't understand, I mean, the land mass of Mexico, comprised almost 60% of the United States of America as we know it today. Think about that. You think about, all the people that you think are Mexican down in Mexico, no, no, no, no. Those people are still here all over the United States, Colorado, New Mexico, I mean, all the way, California. It's really spectacular what genealogy has done for me in terms of understanding this history playing out the way that it is. So Jefferson, by making this law, controlled the supply from within. So now they weren't going into African nations and bringing back 40-year-old men who could only last five years on a sugar plantation in the Caribbean, and now it became a breeding operation. And so women on his plantation were bearing 12 to 15 babies per. And they were being sold to plantation owners to populate the Louisiana territories because they were building new plantations down there. Concurrently, you had as far north up to New Jersey, judges who were well, judges and other people, but I know of one judge, Judge Van Wickle from my hometown of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was taking slaves that had been manumitted in the state of New 18 �Jersey in 1802 and throwing them back into the rotation, selling them downriver to Louisiana for re-enslavement. He and his son set up the shop. The sun went down, bought up plantations, the judge would take them into court, send them down. So you see this history becomes alive, and you're sitting there going, this is not okay, and why haven't we learned these things? I mean, we understand that Indigenous people were enslaved and caught up in this. We understand that for all intents and purposes women were practically enslaved, they couldn’t file a lawsuit against their husbands, they couldn’t divorce, in many states they couldn't inherit property, you couldn't leave if your husband like put violence upon you, you couldn't- there wasn't anything that you could do. All your husband could do, like in the New England States, was call you a witch, they throw you in a river and if you float whatever, it's just like, why aren't we learning these things? Give me my piece of me back. You take your piece of you back. Because if we don't understand the puzzle, how can we understand the whole of it? I think it's just integral to who we are and what we need to understand about each other. All I know is I've done what I've done, what I could for my mother, myself, and my children, I've imparted it all. They were all a part of the process. And let me tell you, it was ugly. I mean there were parts that I'm not proud of that it just wore me down. Really, really wore me down. There were parts that were really bad. And the sad fact is, my brother's not interested in any of this. So he can't- he's not gonna tell his children and I don't think it's my place yet. If they come to me at some point in life and say, “hey, tell me a little bit more about my family,” I'd be happy to do that. Not everybody is as passionate about it as I am, I guess. But I still think if we do it at an early stage, then we've tried. SC [01:41:28] You touched on some of the political things going on with erasure. How do you feel about the upcoming 250th commemoration of the Declaration of Independence next year? JN [01:41:50] You know, that's one of the things that I've learned throughout this whole process is that this nation was forced upon us. It wasn't something that was a natural symbiosis, it was something that now it stands as a net positive. And I asked myself this question. Would I trade it all, my existence, the existence of my children, to take it back to where we were? And the answer is probably not. Leave things as they are. I mean, we can't change the past unless we're in a big game simulation and we learn how to flick it back to the past. But the people I was told to be proudest of, the American heroes, they're no longer those things in my mind. I can't rah-rah a George Washington. I can't rah-rah Thomas Jefferson knowing the things that I know. It's one thing to be an enslaver, it's another thing to be a mean and vindictive enslaver who utilized rape as a methodology of increasing supply and creating laws that allow for that to happen. I just can't bring myself to do that. You know, the Declaration of Independence was not- it was meant for some of my family, but not for all of my family. The independence from Great Britain. We don't have a king, but do we have a king? I mean we might be having a king again. I don't know. I honestly don't know. The Supreme Court is telling us one thing. You know, it looks like we might have a king and we always have. My hope is not for all of you listening to me right now. I really don't want to have a king. It was none of our decisions to be born or where we were born. The two things that we cannot control, our births and our deaths. Although it looks like we might be able to control our death, our death destiny, I should say. We can control our death, and our lives. But we can't control where we were born, who we were born to. So to tell me that I pop out of my mother's womb and I have to be a rah-rah American just 19 �because that happened on this soil without understanding the contract, the social contract, and everything that was behind it, I think that's a little disingenuous. I don't have a problem with it if you educate me first. Don't say I don't have a conscience and I'm supposed to follow this and be very happy and wave a flag and everything else. I have very strong feelings about the military and the women and the men who sacrifice themselves, including the families who are at home waiting for their soldier to return. I support them fully, even though I might not support the wars that we get ourselves into. But every sacrifice that is made on behalf of whatever's happening, I have nothing but honor and respect for them. But again, we're never really told the full truths of why we're in certain situations. And I think that pains me more for these soldiers who go in. That they think one thing, but it's actually something else. It's possible. I'm not saying that's what it is 100%, but I think that there might be some people who make money off of wars, let's put it that way. I think that's provable. People are flawed, we're fragile, we're imperfect, but when you do it intentionally, if anything, if hate is what's guiding us in our decision-making process in any way, shape, or form, other than hate itself, I have a very difficult time standing by you and supporting you with that. I put a high value on ethics and just being an all-around decent human being. I don't pay attention to religions or anything like that. It's just who are you? What are you about? I'm here with you, we'll walk through this together kind of a thing. SC [01:47:35] That's a refreshing perspective. JN [01:47:37] Yeah, well it's how I raised myself to be. I pretty much had to raise myself. So I saw in my household what love was supposed to be, and that was nothing but hate. So I knew that that wasn't what I wanted. And I couldn't understand why. If things were like that in your own house, imagine what it's like in the world outside, right? So I guess I made it my thing that hate can't be a part of what guides me. SC [01:48:15] That's awesome. A question that came up to me is–and you've spoken about this through process-specific stories–so if you don't want to answer this question, it's fine. But what is the significance of family to you overall? JN [01:48:40] Actually, I don't think I've ever been asked that question. I have, you know, I have a very fractured view of family and what it should be and what it ought to be and who gets included and who isn't included and like my emotional dissonance is a big part of that. When you watch television and you see the Brady Bunch, you're like, that's a family. That's what I want my family to be like, and you know you're not- you don't have six kids and you don't- none of that is reality, but in my head, that's reality. I'm like, that's gotta be a reality. And then you look around at your other friends, when you're a little kid, you're like, okay, those people are nice, they're nice, they seem to be nice, and then by the time you get to middle school, people start getting divorced in your friend circles. And you're like, wow, that's tough, divorce. I wish my parents would divorce. It wouldn't be until my junior year that my parents actually divorced, and I was very, very happy. I was extraordinarily happy actually. It's like a dream come true. My father's family, whenever we go to Vermont, they're so stoic. There were no conversations. We never had, we never did anything together. Every once in a while, yeah, we go up if it's summertime, we throw some burgers on the grill, maybe we go out fishing. But…nobody talked. There was no family talk. There wasn't any, “hey, what do you want to 20 �be when you grow up?” kind of conversations. I don't recall ever having a substantive conversation with anybody as a child. Now I could be wrong, but there is no recollection of that for me. So there wasn't a foundation for me to construct my family around. I just know that I knew that I wanted to have a family more than anything in life. So that was the only goal I had set. And I found somebody who wanted to have that with me. And I'm just like, you're nuts. And I can't believe she's still with me, but she is. And we have two wonderful daughters, and we just hope that, I just hope that I was not anything like my father. And I know that I wasn't. And I've been present for them and I was there, and I tell them that I love them and I tell them, even though you know, you may make a mistake here or there that you are loved and you'll grow from this, and so on and so forth. I think they're well grounded, but you just don't know. The pandemic happened and it happened at a point in their lives where they were transitioning from elementary to middle, and the other one was middle to high school, so these were like nexuses, nexi of growth periods for them. So there was definitely some disconnect there. And so I'm concerned that you know, maybe our kids don't have that ability to interconnect personally with people in the same ways that I did. You know, my life is not based on a computer. That's not how I communicate with people on the regular. It's secondary. You know, you send out an email. I'm not socially very gifted, so I don't make a lot of phone calls, nor do I answer the phone when people call. And my wife's like, yeah, and you wonder why you don't have friends, and I'm just like, well, it's just part of who I am. I get tongue-tied, twisted, my whole body tightens up, I break out in sweats, and say it's so weird. It is weird, even when family calls, I won't pick up the phone, ever. Yeah, it's crazy. So, I always wanted a family, but I knew that I probably wasn't gonna be the best prepared participant. And even now that I've found new family members, they're beautiful people, but I'm still…very distant. And even with my father's family, the new family that I found. We're very distant, but we've met each other. And we send emails and pictures every once in a while, and that's about it. But our family, I don't really understand it. I was always jealous of people with large families, like you were saying, and I always wanted that. Just because you can get lost in that. You're not bound to one set of parents and one sibling who are always screaming and yelling at each other. It's 300 people who are yelling and screaming at each other, and you can move from one cluster to the next. If you don't like that cluster, you go to the next cluster. You get big gatherings and stuff like that. That never happened. So I try to replicate those kinds of things with group circles. I have people over for Halloween parties, I cook pizzas and stuff for them. We have social gatherings throughout the year. But I realized that they're all like my wife's friends, they're not mine. They were, you know, they were formed throughout the school year with the kids' playmates. But being that we have two daughters and our kids are girls, and so the mothers spoke with each other, it was just me inviting people over. We don't get a lot of invitations back. So family is- it's a foreign entity to me. I don't really know what that means, to be honest with you. SC [01:55:37] So you're working on a book and other projects, can you tell us more about those and how people can look out for them? JN [01:55:56] Yeah, the manuscript is complete and I'm searching for an agent, a literary agent, and hoping to get published through a traditional publisher. And then like everybody else, get this thrown into movie rights, film rights. I have spoken with a few people in the industry who are interested. So I do believe that it's going to get done. But I can't give you the title. 21 �SC [01:56:38] Oh, no problem. That's okay. Share whatever you want. JN [01:56:40] Yeah, it's just one of those things that I've been told I can't do anymore. Beyond that I'm working as a consultant with the state of Vermont for their Truth and Reconciliation Commission. That's a finite project rather. There are a lot of things that need to happen with them, and I'll be making recommendations. If the state is really serious about understanding enslavement, the black community, they're going to have to do a lot more work than what's in front of us and what I'm doing right now. A lot more work because there are things that can be done. It's just, it takes time and it takes money. Beyond that, I produced a film on race, a documentary. It's called A White Man Walks Into a Barber Shop. It's about a white director who has always been plugged into the black community. At the end, at the beginning of the Obama administration, he decided he wanted to film conversations on race in black-owned barbershops across the nation. And so he traverses the country down South, up North, California, in the midsection, and has a lot of great conversations with people, and he gets inside his own head and he comes to this conclusion that he is somehow a racist, which he’s not at all, but he just thinks because maybe he had some sort of implied bias that equated to him becoming a racist, but it wasn’t. We had a lot of interesting conversations with book publishers in Alabama who changed the wording in Huck Finn, Huckleberry Finn, they took out all the bad words and replaced them and we thought that was a little heavy handed in terms of editing. But when he explains it in the film, you’re like, ok I can understand it. He’s like, I couldn't sell Huck Finn to any of the teachers and I don’t want this book to die so I decided to come up with the idea to edit out all the bad words and replace them. And he goes, I understand that I’m taking creative license with someone else’s work, but it’s a matter of survival for the book. And so there is this great conversation between him and the director which I think is probably the best part- the compelling part of the film. That's available on Apple TV and Tubi. Free of charge! Beyond that, I'm just struggling along like everybody else. Gonna wait hoping that more work comes my way in this realm. But there aren't a lot of people who are doing this kind of work. So it gets tough. I'm not a social media TikToker kind of guy. Nobody wants to see me on TikTok, that's for sure. I don't know what the hell I'd say. So that yeah, that's where it is. And I love this work. I'm married to it. There's nothing that anybody could do to change that for me. The truth is, it's a nuisance. It's a very difficult thing to discover the truth. And there the last the last line in my book, and I'll leave everybody with this. The nuisance of knowledge is what true freedom promises to be. And if we all put in that effort, no matter how much of a nuisance in our life it is or it seems to be, coming out on the other side with the truth that you have, it really is a liberating experience. Once you work through all of the things that you have discovered that we have discovered on this journey, I think we come out better people for it. And I honestly believe that. SC: Thank you so much. 22 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Jerome Lafayette Narramore Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 September 2025 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Descendants Oral History Project Description An account of the resource This interview with Jerome Lafayette Narramore details the co-creator's surprising and intimate encounter with local Black history as a descendant, his deep dives into his family's lineage in Vermont and New York, and presents his reflections on being a descendant in this historical moment. Jerome Lafayette Narramore is the Biracial son of one of the last openly Historically BIPOC Vermonters who was born and lived in Castleton, Vt. Narramore is an investigative genetic documentarian, author, and film producer. His focus lies in Historically BIPOC Vermont history and connecting it to the global historical record. Narramore appeared in the PBS documentary, Your DNA Secrets Revealed, and in New York Times journalist, Libby Copeland’s book, The Lost Family. Narramore is seeking publication for his debut memoir which follows a son’s search for his mother’s concealed identity, revealing acts of terror inflicted upon an inconceivable Black World in Vermont during Jim Crow. Truth forces them both to reconcile with the institutional and cultural actions which tried to erase them and restore their identity. Narramore also lectures and is a Research Fellow with the State of Vermont’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Language A language of the resource English (En) Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Shanleigh Corrallo Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. “Interview with Jerome Lafayette Narramore,” Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project, accessed May 7, 2026, https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/document/1477. https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/cb558163ca7c2297e50f29c13357bc4f.pdf 623e9d1de19552daf3679316b47b0f46 PDF Text Text AT NEW-YORK'S FAMOUS SPA: THOUSANDS FLOCKING TO SARATOGA FOR AN ... New York Times (1857-1922); Aug 26, 1894; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times with Index pg. 12 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. This article about Saratoga Springs activities in late August 1894 mentions Black Patti (Sissieretta Jones) singing in Congress Park on August 25. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. J. Dym Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 28/11/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26/08/1894 August 26, 1894 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The New York Times Title A name given to the resource At New York's Famous Spa https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a7fae10931fddc62c3f98b784981223b.png ade6c3fd54c864a317ff1bd539fc3f0d https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/d4b0e89b732ef9dd10048390d9a95808.png 6fee46182653de17d1d80ffdee8cb9f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26/8/1894 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. New York Herald Title A name given to the resource Festivities at Saratoga. THe Racing Season Ends, the Bar Association MEets and Guests Keep Arriving... Description An account of the resource An article on events in Saratoga Springs, including the performance by Harry T. Burleigh at the villa of Mrs John W. Ehninger with three other performers, including Frank Hunter Potter, tenor, George Stuart Smith, basso, and Louise Shepard,, of New York and Saratoga, soprano. Language A language of the resource eng https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/7a67d3f153fee4fa3d2bed0fa3e1e220.JPG 8c6df13febacd3bd7d9dc43e6f7b15d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drink Hall May House Spa Bus Terminal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26351 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harmer, Cindy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource James Tarantino, the 37-year proprietor of the central bus terminal which is designated for Urban Renewal demolition, is currently negotiating a lease with the Saratoga Springs Youth Commission for temporary occupancy in Drink Hall, although settlement remains indefinite. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/3e98792ca1efdae8579b64616c063253.JPG 88a338d32c6c079490e27748e6d24be2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource HUD Grants $364,248 to Spa URA For Gaslight Square Area Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26806 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shepard, Judy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource The Urban Renewal Project Agency has received a $364,248 grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for the local agency's Project 1. The Project 1 area includes the Gaslight Square complex at Broadway and Hamilton Street and areas on Congress, Division, Woodlawn Avenue and Railroad Place. Work will include construction on sidewalks and curbs and the installation of tree wells and minor drainage work. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/f849e95b6e36513d5aff78bc729cca5d.JPG 19c87bb6e2128998979f5dead8bd3f03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga URA Approves Bids for Bldg, Demolition, Tree Removal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27638 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shepard, Judy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource Bid awards for demolition work and tree removal were approved at last night's Urban Renewal Agency Meeting. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/26ac56cb41b9afa0b31804dabd523fcd.JPG 845266d7cede705f14d592a48de367d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spa City URA Plans for Hotel-Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27666 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wildy, Red Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource The Saratoga Springs Urban Renewal Agency last night unanimously passed a resolution limiting the number of parking spaces in the proposed Spring Valley North project to allow the construction of a hotel-civic center complex. Later plans will include proposed shops and stores for the hotel complex. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/9899db3fb5a2d8d8d172a142518eced3.JPG dd7e20082f42535e206c6779cfb99187 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga URA Seen Revealing Plan for Sr. Citizens Center Site Dec. 22 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27722 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wildy, Red Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource The first possible site for a new Senior Citizens Center came under discussion at last nights meeting of the Urban Renewal Agency, and a possible preliminary site plan may be unveiled at its Dec. 22 meeting at City Hall. Reason behind this proposal is to increase the number of active senior citizens in the town. The current center is off the center of the business district thus making it more difficult for many to partake in the programs offered. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a7f04e896cbe1009628b80ec5c50f14b.jpeg 9eb842488ea28462feaa6cff59217f34 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/997688abe335490bcc0811b5c4908a65.m4a 28b669c0d80ee2c3356f05da25dfb39e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Amara, Freddy Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Manuel Francisco Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Manuel Francisco Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/10/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Manuel (nickname Manny) taked about his life growing up in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. He is studying Game Design at Bunker Hill Community College in Boston. He shares his thoughts and experiences about being the son of two immigrants - his mother is from Puerto Rico, his father is from Honduras. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Manuel Alexander Francisco, who is 24 and currently studying Game Design at Bunker Hill Community College, shared his thoughts and experiences with his neighbor Freddy on March 10th, 2017. Manuel was born in Boston as the son of two immigrants - his mother is from Puerto Rico and his father is from Honduras. He shares about what aspects of his life are and are not influenced by his family's culture. Tradition wise, his family does not celebrate traditional Puerto Rican or Honduran holidays, such as Three Kings Day. Instead, his family celebrates the usual American holidays such as Christmas or Thanksgiving. His grandparents (mother's parents) live with him, and they bring Puerto Rican cooking into his life with traditional dishes such as pasteles. Manuel does not speak Spanish, which was his choice, but says it would be useful for his job if he could. He discusses the benefits of diversity in Boston and forms of discrimination that Latinx people face in the city. The discussion turns to what Manuel believes is the future of Latinx politics in the United States, and he is optimistic that Latinx voters will make an impact.  Boston Computer Science Discrimination Diversity Game Design Holidays Honduras Latinx Pasteles Puerto Rico Spanish Traditions https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/9c7785a845311869cfa3e9230982d755.jpg ee45cb3daf65ddb9189468ee9d591e3e https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/f71d57ac659af55e3ca037490acbf1c7.mp3 049063cbe0cecdb29a4550a5b426c3ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Nuesi, Chelsea Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Elvira Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Elvira Ramirez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/18/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Elvira talked about her experience with racial and linguistic prejudice in Puerto Rico and in the United States. Language A language of the resource Spanish, English Class language Latinx Nuyoricans Prejudice Puerto Rico race https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a29cee28316369a53c4847eb0c390ab7.jpg 05689b9a3157974c5b6bba595f93d46e https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/3ae6e456236033358e0607a638b5e450.mov 090298b5af9f87ede0effdeea0538580 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Marques, Allison Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Lauir Marques Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Lauir Marques Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/19/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Larry talked about how moving as a young boy affected how he views his own identity and others identity. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource oral history Abstract A summary of the resource. This is an interview between a father and daughter, where they discuss his experience of moving from Brazil to the United States when he was still in grammar school. He moved in 1971, to Garfield, New Jersey with his mother and step-dad for the economic opportunity. They talk about his struggle of moving to a country without speaking or understanding the native language. He gained friends despite the language barrier and proved himself to his peers as someone who is intelligent. Since he moved at such a young age, his view of identity and nationality never became a central idea to how he defined himself or viewed others. He found himself transcending ethnic lines and able to connect with everyone, never finding the need to seek out those within the Brazilian community. assimilation bilingual Brasil Brazil family identity language Latinx migration oral history Phenotype https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/e52b3e54e32a36801de1011c8d28b863.jpg eebf340aa3ead7130462c09829fa6a9d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parking to stay free in Spa City Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/2/10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dimopoulos, Thomas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Post Star Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Transportation Description An account of the resource A week after an advisory committee administered the last rites to the city's paid parking plan, the proposal was declared dead by the city council. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0c93b64e48574165280e6163f866f21e.JPG a3a6f46dad1a7ef6dd66bf9c369933bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grant money will be used to create low-income housing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/24/00 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kinney, Jim Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource The city plans to purchase 85 Beekman for $36,700 in federal money. The Department of Public Works, acting as general contractor, will then refurbish the dwelling, using the remaining $10,000 in the gran request... Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/84ac9e5ae5ca46415795b171e7a58e91.jpg 029f35487196f0dcd4d1f8f4259573ba https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/389af031aec1842d6123fb59b21c962a.mp3 8e24dc5b61fdd6b58c81ba06f8f146a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Abrams, Alison Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Juan Sanchez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Juan Sanchez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/24/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Juan talked about what it was like to be a Latino male at Skidmore and Saratoga. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Juan is a sophomore at Skidmore and spoke a great deal about his pride as a Dominican which he truly connected to when he came to Skidmore more and was exposed to the othernessd posed by the majority white school and town. He spoke of his family in Brooklyn and their expectations for him as a first generation college student. His binationalism came up as well, Juan pointing out that although born in the US, he does not fully feel welcome within the country and upon visits to The Dominican Republic found that he was again looked down on as a yankee. To deal with his fear he found solidarity with Skidmore's Raices and spoke of wanting to give a voice to latinx on campus and in the future in government.  Dominican Republic family Gender Latinx Saratoga Skidmore College student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6b8039020c1309b0f1aa2f536c251c3c.jpg bd43fb2d7a9a2e08324d95539cb8a07d https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/676e559c658050c0b9081c067496fc3d.mp3 e54b4a7e69b21fae0505c30efb5d3692 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Little, Mackenzie Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Samantha Garcia Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Samantha Garcia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/24/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Samantha spoke to her experiences as a child of Dominican immigrants and what the challenges of college have been in distinguishing her identity as an individual from her home life in Brooklyn, NY. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. "In the interview with Sam, she talked about the experiences she’s had as the child of immigrants from the Dominican Republic and self-identifying as Dominican-American. As the interview progressed, the topic of family became more prevalent and Sam focused in on the contrasts between her life at home, where they watch Spanish-language television and her parents work long days and her experiences at college. She talked about the beauty standards of Dominican womanhood, and her relationship with her mother. The difference in her appearance from her time at Skidmore and her time spent at home was a significant piece of her identity. With one foot in the cultural belly of Skidmore and her college-experience, and another foot in her Brooklyn, Spanish dominant home, Sam speaks to cultural boundaries and what it is like to be standing over one. bicultural culture Dominican Republic family Gender Hair identity language Latinx oral history Skidmore College Skidmore student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/1d0decd7cae4c8d9a9cf92264140ab8a.jpg 185661567a4eee1e90ba5472de63fc8e https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/91b2e1568aae5055163a8066e45bc9fa.jpg 93b17503f47209eb550474d315dfac68 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/bec16166dc13cdee04ba6bfff7561d69.mp3 dca55be6b4bf9e3e7f0f75b931343105 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/80022f46ff004e89bae726a6f81e2703.m4a c2f648c11b50f43b4e7fcbcbeccfcc47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Zepeda-Carranza, Bryan Bailon, Charles Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Maria Lander Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Maria Lander Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/17 3/31/2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource In one interview Maria Lander discussed the impact of U.S. culture in Venezuela. In the other, Maria talked about her experience living in the U.S and how she has trouble with identity because of the way that people in the country view her and the Latinx community. Listen and watch: <iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/214432592" frameborder="0" width="640" height="360"></iframe> <p><a href="https://vimeo.com/214432592">Interview with Maria Lander</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/user39722229">MDOCS</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p> Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Maria Lander is from Caracas, Venezuela and emigrated to the United States about 20 years ago. She is currently an Associate Professor for Spanish and the Chair of the World Language Department at Skidmore College. In this interview, Maria talks about her experience in the U.S and her identity playing a huge role in her life. She explains the reason behind why she is conflicted with her identity and how sometimes she feels guilty using the term Latina. This is connected to the way people in the U.S portrays the Latinxs community and the stereotypes the people in the countries have for these groups of people. Maria Lander is a professor here at Skidmore who emigrated from Venezuela to pursue a PhD at Brown University. After finishing her studies, she decided to settle in the U.S. after meeting her future husband and starting her own family. On occasion, Maria has visited her native country again allowing her to experience a unique perspective as a woman that was raised in the country before the effects of a political transition that shook the country. Maria still communicates with her friends and social acquaintances from her undergraduate studies through social media as a medium to discuss and debate various topics including politics. As an immigrant from Latin America, Maria’s perspective of the U.S. is imperative in analyzing the latinx identity. bicultural culture foreign identity immigration influence Latinx Oral hisotry Skidmore College Skidmore faculty Spanish Professor Venezuela https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/1182585b8ec2914de675b08ff26c3cb6.jpg 2fa58ae7a1971b4f71094219f2855c4e https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a9dca358374c4fc446367e71746941b9.m4a 6b75089c5be99e432f7d614eb8c7a33b https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/b80ebec90a6a1e903a48da5d2d79a01b.m4a f49dffed3d61a0194718e6a536f2d552 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hocker, Anna Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Cinthia Duran Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Cinthia Duran Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Cinthia talked about her hometown of Quito Ecuador, and her experiences both at home and abroad Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. In this interview Cinthia Duran, a young Latin American woman from Quito, Ecuador, discusses her cultural background. Cinthia is a sophomore and an international student at Skidmore College. The piece primarily focuses on Cinthia’s relationship with her home country, diversity within Quito, the increasing number of gangs in the city, how dance allows her to express her cultural heritage, and her international travels. Cinthia interweaves her experiences as a student in Italy and America, and reviews how these explorations have added to her identity as a Latin American woman. Cinthia also discusses American immigration policy, in relation to Ecuador, by sharing the stories of friends who have attempted to immigrate and/or travel short term to the U.S. but have been rejected. Finally, Cinthia reflects on her own identity as a Latin American instead of a Latina, and how her experiences have further encouraged her to travel and help those around her. dance Ecuador identity immigration Italy Latinx oral history race Skidmore student Tricultural Trilingual https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a57beaee0088c74ff5f8ae6e0c76784e.jpeg dc68dc0127979af1ef772cdfdaaec1ef https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/83f19109e3855d945e1d2c9f287f6419.m4a 409ddf3608e7d09b63fe0a190a77a7e4 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/19ebc8fe1c7418a3c211d974c58b8a4b.m4a 9dc5d09db586a2753b9787d2fc0921d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Smith, Clare Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Esteban Acosto Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Esteban Acosta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Esteban discussed being the child of immigrants from the Dominican Republic in the United States Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Esteban Acosta is a First Year Skidmore student , who grew up in New York City. Both of his parents came to the United States in 1994 from the Dominican Republic. His parents decided to come to the United States to receive greater economic benefits. In his interview , Esteban tells the story of his parents immigration story. He discussed his identity as a child of immigrants and as a child of immigrants from the Dominican Republic. Additionally, Esteban discussed issues of race and racial profiling. bicultural culture Dominican Republic family identity immigration Latinx Skidmore College Skidmore student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/1995eae01e88df09afb896563ba739f8.jpg 39ab459dafea23dd08b5278bed10785a https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a4b9e8b1f70149fcc424203c4a69cb75.mp3 dfb8b54ac4c5e64e5d2614e594082476 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/4e1700ff9a491e2f76b48a66d40fde12.mp3 3f500814a2f85189620058fb537108c4 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/fddd33a9b906dc9004f5047812b204d8.mp3 306818ddc6eab0f10a7edad18fd7ecd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Maria, Cristal Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Cristian Fernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Cristian Fernandez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/2017, 3/31/2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Cristian talked about his experiecne growing up in a household with a woman as the breadwinner and about his racial and ethinic identity and how it intersects with gender. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Cristian Feranadez is sophomore and Business and Political Science double major at Skidmore College. He is the son of Dominican immigrants. His mother is a legal U.S. resident who immigrated when she was 9 or 11 years old, in 1976 or 1978. His father is a U.S. citizen that immigrated at the age of 13, in 1979. Cristian's parents emigrated in the midst of political and economic instability on the island, when political tensions between Juan Bosch's supporters and Joaquin Balaguer's supporters were felt. A large flood of Dominican immigrants arrived in the U.S. starting in 1980. Cristian's parent's immigrated right before this wave, possibbly contributing to his parents' unusual access to education and resources. This would later affect his household composition with a breadwinning mother, and his access to private, higher education at Skidmore. Dominican Republic ethnicity family Gender identity Intersectionality Latinx oral history Phenotype race Skidmore College Skidmore student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a3c6de964e9d0c5ffae417dcf4bf9023.jpg e72aecd7864005e4c32335f4b24d4830 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/7184a8e95d459547a89e78ea836e75c0.mp3 3f231166f5baa8549fbfc37ae95706bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Florada, Dresita Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Margarita Florada Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Margarita Florada Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Margarita talked about her experience of moving from Puerto Rico to Boston and her identity as a Latina Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Margarita Florada participated in an interview conducted by her daughter, Dresita Florada, over Skype. She discussed her transition in moving to Boston from Puerto Rico in order to attend school at Boston College. She studied law and is currently a Dean at a community college in Massachusetts. She and her Irish American husband raised their two children , 23 and 19, in Boston, Massachusetts. She confronted her discourse with her Latinx identity in regards to the gender roles that were imparted on her which she did not wish to adhere to. Because of this she feels less connected to Latinidad as an identity, however, even though that disenchanted her from it and urged her to raise her children with different ideals in regards to gender, she will always identify as a Latina. She also further discussed her identity in regards to her own diverse cultural background which includes Lebanese and Corsican heritage. Issues surrounding the current Puerto Rican debt crisis and whether or not she thinks independence or statehood would ever be a possibility for the island are discussed. College Economy education ethnicity family Gender immigration Independence Latinx Politics Puerto Rico race Workplace Relations https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/cac5acb27735c0580181f8f8d7336ac4.png a9237ecdfa5cda0325ad06e407a9338a https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/39f49b1e9e23afffe191440f4161e38d.mp3 853a51a8514c49f1420419e1aa5630a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Costello, Teague Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Vilmary Fuertes Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Vilmary Fuertes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Vilmary discussed her experiences in moving from Puerto Rico to the U.S. for educational purposes, her development into becoming a physical therapist right out of college, and her assimilation into the U.S. and eventually Saratoga Springs. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Vilmary Fuertes grew up in San Juan, Puerto Rico and moved to Miami while in college to finish her education in the U.S. She went to school for physical therapy and worked incredibly hard to take classes in English, which was a language she was still learning to master. Out of college Vilmary was immediately offered a job in Physical Therapy and began working. Vilmary is now a mother of two sons and lives with her family in Saratoga Springs while continuing to practice Physical Therapy. Her husband is also Puerto Rican and together they keep Puerto Rican culture and traditions alive through holidays, language, and visits back to the island with their sons. Throughout Vilmary’s experiences in transitioning into U.S. society she has kept an optimistic perspective towards discrimination and ignorance towards her identity. Although, she has experienced many rude encounters Vilmary sees the best in people, but still holds an understanding and sympathy towards the discrimination of the Latinx population in the U.S. assimilation community culture Discrimination education family Gender identity language Latinx Proffession Puerto Rico https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/129cddbb76a6548f013c5b233823272d.png 6c435cbe6bbedfb2e1542d5cb2ddcd92 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/dc46c6f4cf03a09bce151722994b17a4.mp3 678b40a975074f268cddf6ee8df40de5 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/fe909565983e25b87bdb67fe6e597f0e.mp3 dd556bf6625e288c0b0462c4e8fd05e3 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/00d3fe0e753b9197ea6f3d474783c94a.mp3 dc4eb20b6d9a66569ae18de33e9c5630 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview El Gharsi, Alia Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Samuel Cruz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Samuel Cruz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Samuel talked about how he grew up in the Dominican Republic while his mother and siblings lived in the United States, with the hopes of being prosperous. Once he was old enough and his mother was able to secure him citizenship, he moved to New York city to reunite with his family, attend school and succeed, given his new and better opportunities. Language A language of the resource Spanish, English Abstract A summary of the resource. Samuel Cruz was born and grew up in the Dominican Republic with his grandparents and cousins. He moved to the U.S. in 2012 when he was 16 in order to rejoin his mother and siblings who had immigrated earlier in search of opportunity and hoping to establish themselves in the states. In order to succeed, anonymous’s mother placed him in English courses after school and encouraged him to read, listen, watch and speak in Spanish less so that he could assimilate to his new community. Initially, he worried that he would face discrimination because of his accent or other ethic markers that revealed his foreign status. He also had to adjust to the different social and cultural norms in America, initiating a period of self reflection where he began to explore and reshape his identity. As he became more fluent in English, culturally integrated and educationally accomplished, by gaining entrance into a private liberal arts college, he recognized how fortunate he is and felt gratitude for the sacrifices his mother made to support him and his siblings so that they could have a better life. bicultural bilingual culture Dominican Republic ethnicity family identity immigration language Latinx race Skidmore Skidmore College student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/1c293cbef03a391c6f751f04a04758b5.png ccbe890d506667c0168dcd449a03f81c https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/da34013c3eaefbe09c7b257eedf054b9.mp3 ce15a804d86b18a4ff7da38288dd05d6 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/f3ae8c28636eea1743b1569456748e27.mp3 e51a1151d072a5b43b0005e9c5c01fe2 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/fe373d2e0ff8206d252c5213e22f0472.mp3 cef187a6cdb381959dd06a31fb2c3e66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Rodriguez, Daisy Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Samantha Velez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Samantha Velez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Samantha shared her experiences, what she know of her parents' experiences, and the role that being Chicana has played in different parts of her life. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Samantha Velez is a Chicana born in Bushwick, NY and raised in Ridgewood, Queens. Towards the beginning of the interview, she gives background information of the experiences her parents have shared with her. Both of her parents crossed the border from Mexico to the United States at seperate times, to get a better life for themselves, and for Samantha's older sister. Both of them came during the 80s and they became documented in 2008. This is during the time of the Great Recession where undocumented immigrants were seen more as the source of the economic struggles of Anglo Americans. This is also two years after the first marchs, opposing the Sensenbrenner bill, and encouraging the need for legalization. As the interview progresses, Samantha talks about her familial ties, the influences this has had on her, her cultural ties due to her parents, and she gives a general comparison of the experiences she's had in school up until Skidmore college. Chicano culture ethnicity family Gender identity immigration Latinx machismo Mexico oral history race Skidmore College Skidmore student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/d497ba3cb00ddeaa20a030400a0faa81.jpg dcc0f6ff7ceb2708f063716778c72fe6 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/08a8cccca0bc25914b62ced8f98ba55c.mp3 3f4f7b031f4fb8421b4ad66dd2b42256 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Sandoval, Alicia Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Arielmy Morel Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Arielmy Morel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Arielmy (Ariel) talked about moving from her home country of the Dominican Republic to the U.S. and life as an Afro-Latina in both the U.S. and D.R. Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Abstract A summary of the resource. Arielmy was born in the Dominican Republic in 1998 and moved to the U.S. at the age of three with her older brother and her mother to join her father in New Jersey.  In this interview we discuss her migration story and the reasons for her migration north, yet the focus is her life and experience in the U.S. Ariel identifies herself as an Afro-Latina. Ariel reflects on what it means to be black and latinx in the U.S. as well as how she is seen and treated by U.S. society. Ariel also speaks about her education and her experience with bilingual education and as a latinx person in the education system.  Finally, Ariel reflects on her identity as a mixed-cultural being, as a bilingual being, as a person of color, as a woman, as an immigrant, as a U.S. citizen and as a student. https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/b61094f1393bf3b1b9f80c8141308290.jpg ad63cbd061da7551bd531fedac062e9a https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/b796c9caaa93fcd2d3f2950747773f2d.mp3 762436727176ac5d57f11ac0d209a54d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Harripersad, Reshma Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Daniela Menchaca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Daniela Menchaca Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/29/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Daniela talked about what it was like to live as a Mexican-American in the Texas, and her connection to her Mexican cultural heritage. She speaks on overcoming stereotypes and the issues she faced to come to college in New York._ Language A language of the resource Spanish, English Abstract A summary of the resource. Daniela Menchaca was born and raised in a San Antonio, Texas, very close to the border which played an essential part in shaping her connection to her Mexican cultural heritage. Since her hometown was close to the Mexican-American border, she has close ties and was raised in a culturally Mexican environment and is very proud of her connection with that. However, as someone who is "white-passing" she has struggled to establish her Latinx identity in both her own hometown and at college. Therefore, she addresses being between American histories and Mexican histories, both aspects of her identities. As someone from a low socioeconomic status, she has fought against stereotypes and underfunded educational support in order to attend college. She speaks on how her parents have influenced her view on education and the support that she has had from individual teachers to be where she is.  bicultural education ethnicity family Gender Hispanic identity immigration Latinx machismo Mexico oral history Phenotype Politics race Skidmore College Skidmore student Southwest Texas https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/336c79fbc4f2c1ea5b69ce5f06bae709.jpg 77297fecc96e0837d2bf41d56621aba4 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/c57257f42443d0ab0b65c2db54c146d9.mp3 28c647a6b95e8098a77b1fe62c1ff085 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/d06dd1ad9afe4c93888d9659a49a0ba0.mp3 7bc03340c902067294189955d2a0775c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Genniger-Goldfarb, Lauren Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Luis Mazariego Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Lorenzo Q. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/30/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Lorenzo (name has been changed) talked about his experience coming from El Salvador to the U.S. at the age of 10. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. I interview Lorenzo Q., a twenty two year old man living undocumented in the U.S. Lorenzo came to this country from El Salvador at the age of 10 with his parents, and speaks on his experience transitioning into a culture and a language that was completely foreign to him. Because he was not informed on U.S.-El Salvador relations back home, he had no prior expectations or perceptions of this country before his arrival and was both excited and nervous at the prospect of his move. Since then, he has experienced everything from forced summer school and bullying to helpful teachers and ESL classes. He also wishes to somehow reconnect with his family in El Salvador, but finds that difficult because of his immigration status. Now he doesn't see much hope for citizenship due to the election of Donal Trump, but is still determined to stay in this country. El Salvador Idenitity language Latinx race school https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/f861993b114c100c3263b37845a092c0.jpg c567d45deea3a7a40f90b4fc5c337722 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/76435908edb223aba598d3c046c4a656.mp3 c9cc240c82a791c9e84da66dda16fc63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Mulhern, Hayley Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Beatriz Loyola Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Beatriz Loyola Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/30/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Language A language of the resource English bicultural culture education family Gender identity immigration language Latinx Mexico migration Nationality oral history Skidmore College Skidmore faculty work https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/cc0a57de6b7f5a64d11ad86c4f3cce23.jpg 80b47f090ebb7d9a1eac7bce32a28cb3 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/ac6545dd2a7e210889e3dda6a442147d.mp3 37a2c28a987db6b947bc59dcd34e7664 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tierney, Elise Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Yessica Alcantara Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Elise Tierney Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 23/04/2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Yessica Alcantara Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/30/2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Yessica talked about moving to the United States from the Dominican Republic and it's impact on family dynamics, racial/ethnical self-identity, and future opportunities/dreams. _ Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Yessica immigrated to New York City from the Dominican Republic when she was 4 years old. As she explains, immigrating to the United States was always part of the plan for her family but it wasn’t until her father passed away that her mother began taking serious action to make that dream a reality. Yessica explains that her family immigrated to New York for better economic opportunities with the help of her uncle who already lived there. Yessica discusses her transition to the United States; the fear of deportation before she got a green card when she was 10 years old, her conflict with belonging both domestically and in the Dominican Republic, and the impact of immigration on her family structure and relationship. Yessica spoke about her struggle with identity both racially and ethnically based both on stereotypes and standards place upon her by her family which she internalized as well as external societal pressures and perceptions. Finally, Yessica discusses her longing to be back in the Dominican Republic which she looks back on fondly but concedes that she has experienced a lot of opportunities that would not have been afforded to her in the Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic ethnicity family gender_ identity Latinx migration oral history race Skidmore College Skidmore student https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0f8168909edb305c1c0fd1c2c2c6c293.JPG 123671d48fad6789bc7eece71d558d2c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Home to provide group living for elderly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/6/82 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halbrook, Sherry Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource The 1980 Census showed more than 14,000 people age 65 or older in Saratoga County. Home services can be costly and so group housing might become a possibility. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6b02584009580334a893bd00298ab0d2.pdf 64e5eb2d0afd7f4e693bec412058b269 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adult and Senior Center of Saratoga Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/12/17 Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Phoebe Radcliffe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1977-60YearsYoung-Budget Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dwyer, Brian Title A name given to the resource 1977 Budget Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/9/77 Description An account of the resource A budget report from 1977 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Adult and Senior Center of Saratoga Language A language of the resource English Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Document 1970s funding Saratoga Springs Senior Center https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/59773922820231423385e2c9cd16de48.jpeg b7bde71a2085cbf827146f954c4065ef https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/4ab6fe186e7c48b967e76bd3041179a2.mp3 83271aeea5c5b6bca0d309c8370951e8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Hernandez, Lhia Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Luisa Pina Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Luisa Pina Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/1/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Luisa expressed the impact and reasoning of her immigration_ from the Dominican Republic to the Washington Heights on her life, as well as briefly comments on Dominican and American politics. Language A language of the resource Spanish Abstract A summary of the resource. Luisa Pina is a mother of three in her mid to late 40s that immigrated to the United States from the Dominican Republic over 10 years ago with her two oldest daughters. She and her daughters came to Florida on vacation and stayed with one of the few relatives she had in the United States. In thinking only about her daughters, their quality of life, and opportunities here in the United States she decided to stay. About moving to Washington Heights, she mentions the advantages of living in a Latinx community as an immigrant and the differences between life in the United States versus Dominican Republic. Luisa comments on the impact Trump’s presidency and campaign has on her community as well as the influence of the Dominican government in people’s everyday lives while she lived there. This oral history tells essentially the story of an immigrant who despite being very family oriented moved away from loved ones to provide a better, safer life for her children. community culture Dominican Republic family Foreign Politics immigration Latinx Politics race Spanish https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/040237ad245bf1145b714ac572f7688c.jpg b3c0de53d572d44efa173b4e9fcd17b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Council endorses initiative for Route 50-North bikeway Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/13/08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Coleman, Lee Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Gazette Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Transportation Description An account of the resource The City Council on Tuesday endorsed city Supervisor Matthew Veitch's initiative to have the state make improvements to Route 50-North, including a separate walking and bicycle path along the busy arterial. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/3f60a0c7c223167038751342007998c8.pdf 5c6fac2db1e2cad7502da288ac1a4170 PDF Text Text ������� https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/afec60fea6659e6b634bc99bc69b1970.pdf aeadaecff8fda0c3f9eb1889302af187 PDF Text Text 258 LAWS OF NEW-YORK. Jagit of Ht>uvel, which lies between the village of Ogdensburg& and a point in 1aid road, one and an half miles northerly: from the bridge over the Oswegatchie river at Heuvel, be and the same il hereby annexed to the village of Ogdeqsburgh, and is hert•by constituted a r(Jad district, subject to be divided by the trustees of said village or a major part of them, and that the same shall hereafter be exempt from tf1e superintendence of the commissionel's ofhighways of thP town of Oswegatchie ; and the said trustees shall hav., all the powers over tbe said road district or districts, and disc:hargt" ull the duties which 'by law are given to them over the highways and streets of said village. CHAP. 226. AN ACT to incorporate the Village of Saratoga SpringB. Passed April 17, 1826. Bound• <>I' the •illac• 1. BE it enacted by the People of the State of New-York, repreaented in SentJte and Assembly, That all that district of country Jy~ iog in the town of Saratoga Springs, county of Saratoga, and state of New-York, situated between two lines parallel to, and each half of a mile di3tant from the following described line, to wit : beginning on the line between the Livingston and Ostrander Jots, in the centre of the highway, near the booSt" of Jesse Ostrander; running northerly as the highway runs, till it strikes Broad-street, as laid out on a map of lots at Saratoga Springs, belonging to Gideon Putnam, thence northerly along the centre of Bri?ad-street, till thf' said line intersects the highway leatling from the upper viUage to Greenfield, near the new Methodist meeting-huu!M! ; thence north to Greenfield line, shall continue to be called and known by the name of the village of Saratoga Springs ; and all the inhabitants residing within the limits aforesaid; be and hereby are ordained, constituted and declared to be from time to time, and forever hereafter, a body corpo5tyle of the rate and politic, in fact and in name, by the name of "The Trus'1'"''"" tees of the village of Saratoga Springs," and by that name they and their successors forever hereafter, shall and may have perpetual succf'.SSion, n~d shall be persons in law capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and being defended, in all courts and placea whatsoever ; and that they and their succes=rPrs may have .a com~on seal, and may change or alter the !arne at pleasure : and also, that they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of purchasing, holding and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the public use of the said village ; and or ert-cting any public building!, or aqueducts, and digging any reservoirs for water for the use of said village, or extinguishing firl', and keeping in repair such buildings, aqueducts and 1-eservoirs; of purchasing and kt"eping in repair, fire ·engines, ladders, buckets and other instruments for extinguishing fire. f'-111111al:m«t 2. A1ul be it further eruzcted, That it shall and may be lawful jjlg• for the inhabitants of the saiti village, who are quali6ed to vote for m·embers bf Assembly, to meet on the first Tuesday Of May neit, Digitized by Goog [e �FORTY-~INTH SESSION. 259 at such time in the day, and at such place iu said village, as shall be apvointed by .the justices of the peace residing in the uid village, ;r.nJ notified to the inhabitants lhereof, at least one week previous thereto, by a notic,• in the newspaper printed in .the said village, or posted up in three public places in the same, and then and there elect by battot, five trustees, a clerk, treasurer, two constables and overseers of highways for the said village, residents within the same, ' and such justices shall preside at such meeting as inspectors of tbe said election. ; shall decide upon the qualifications of persons offering to vote ; and for the purpose of ascertaining the qualidcations of persona offering to votv, may adroinister an oath, and interrogate them, anJ shall declare the persons having the greatest number of votes duly elected; and on every first Tuesday of May thereafter, there shall in like manner be a new election of the said officers for the said village ; and the trustees Jor the time being, shall preside at sucb dec~. tion, give notice thereof, and cooduct the same as the justicts are above directed. 3. And be it fortlu!r enacted, That the trustees shall have the ~pecial •••t power to call special meetings, which shall be conducted as annual'.,. meetings are, whenever they or a majority deem fit; either" to fill vacancies in offices happening by death, abaenoe or inability, or for other purposes, and the officers elected at an annual or special meet· ing, ,shall hold their offices till others are duly qualified to succeed tbem. 4. And be it further enacted, That if any inhabitant of the said Peoattr.for . village qualified at the time to vote for the said officers, shall be :i'.tc~d,., ,r elected to any office in the Aid village, except treasurer and constables, and having notice thereof, shall for ·five Jays after such notice, neglect or refuse to take upon IJimself such office, he shall for such neglect or refusal, forfeit the sum of t.wenty-five dollars, to be recovered in the name of the treasurer of the &aid village, for the use thereof, in an action of debt in any court baving cognizance thereof, , with costs of suit. · 5 • .And be it further eaacted, That the trustees within ten da.}'l P"aideDt after their election in every year, or the majority of them, shall assemble in said village, and choose some suttable person of their bO. . dy, to be president of said board of trustees ; whose duty it shall be .. when present, to preside at the meetings of the trustees, to order ex· traordinary meetings of the trustees whenever he shall think proper, to receive comvlaints of the breach of th~ by-laws; to ,see that the· by-laws, rules .and ordinances are faithfully executed 'lnd ebserved ; and to presecute in the name of the treasurer all offenders against such by-laws, and to see that the publk property belonging to the said village, be auitably taken care of and kept in order ; and to do such other acts and things as may be proper for him as presi· dent of the board of trustees ; and in case of the death or disability of 'he president, the said trustees !shall choose out of their body, a ..,ccessor in manner as above mentioned. G. .And be it further en/Acted, That the said board of trusteea shall bave, power .to establish such ordinances, by-laws and regulations as they shall think proper and reasooable, to prevent vice and immorality ; .to .preserve peace and good order; to detect and rea&qin every fraudulent devi. e and practice in said village; to prevent c tb.e of .., spirituo.us liquor to any child, apprentice or servant ci. hin the said villa{Ce, without a permit from his ur he t arent Dig1t1zed by OS C •r "'•• we-. �260 LAWS OF NEW-YORK. master or mistress; to prevent all riots, quarrelling or noisy conduct in or about the premisn of any inhabitant within the said village; to enforce the due obsernnce of the sabbalh ; to suppress and restrain disorderly houses, houses of ill-fame and gaming houses, and otber instrument~ and devices fur the purpose of gaming ; to regulate the keeping and conveying of gunpowder and other combustible and dangerous material,., and the use of lights in livery and other stablesJ to regulate the place and manner of weighing hay; to regulate the running at large of dogs owned by persou11 residing in the village, or impose a reasonable tax on the owners ; to regulate and prevent the firing of guns, muskets, pistols, rockets, crackers, squibs and fire-balls in said village ; to regulate slaughter-houses ; to appnint lire engineers; to establish fire companies, and to prescribe their powers and duties in preventing or extinguishing fires ; to authorise any magistrate or constable to stop any person riding or driving immoderately through, or in any street or place in the village, or other WI ise prohibit such offences,; to abate or remove any olrisance in any street or on the lot or inclosure of any person or persons or in the highway ; to suspend any firemen and appoint others in their stead, till the next meeting of the corporation, when tbe cause for the suspension shall be stated to the meeting, who may remove or restore the fireman ; to exempt firemen from serving on juries, except justices juries in the village; to ex~mpt them from military duty; and the certificate of the president, dated within one month of the time of exhibiting it, shall be evidence of the fact in all courts and places whatever : Provided, That the number of firemen shall not exceed sixteen tl) each engine in said village ; to require the lnhabitants to provide and keep suitable fire buckets, and proper ladden to their houses, which are hereby declared-appurtenants to the real estate, and exempt from seizure, distress or sale in any manner whatever; and in case the owner or occupant refuses to get ot procure suitable fire-buckets and ladders after reasonable notice, th~ trustees may procure and deliver the aame to him, her or them, and on def11ult of payment thereof, the president may brio' an action for work and labour done for such occupant or owper, JD any court having cognizance tht"reof, in the name of the treasurer, and shall be entitled to recover in such ac'tion the value of the fire-buckets i)r ladders or both, with costs of . suit ; to inclose and regulate the public burial ground in the village ; to prevent the incumbering of streets, highways, lanes •nd al• Jeys, in any wise however ; to restrain the running at large of hl'rses, cattle, swine or geese ; to compel the cleaning of chimnies ; to rt>strain vagrants, beggars or persons soliciting alms ; to prevent and remove all encroachments on every street, highway or alley in said village ; and generally to make all such rules, regulations, by-laws and ordinances for the good government and order of said village, as the said board of trustees may deem expedient and proper, aot repugnant to the laws and ~;onstitution of this state or the United StatP.s; and to enforce the due observance thereof, by inflicting such penalties on any citizen or inhabitant thett>of, or other person or persons, for the breach of any by-law or ordinance of the said board, not exceeding twenty-five dollars for any one offence, recoverable with costs, in an action of debt by and in the name of the treasurer of the aaid village, in any court having ~:ognizance thereof, witll . I Digitized by Goog [e �FORTY-NINTH SESSION. ~ts of suit ; in whieh action the first process may be by warrant, nor shall any exemption be allowed thereon, except necessary bedding, wearing apparel and working utensils ; in which action it shall be lawful to declare generally in debt for such penalty, and to give the special matter in 4ividence : .llrtd further, That for the purpose of enforcing the by-laws of the board of trustees against offen· den, who have no goods or chattels, lands or tenemeRts, whereof such· penalties can be made or collected, it shall be lawful for the · court before whom any such offender sball be duly convicted, to cause such person to be imprisoned for a time not exceeding thirty days, in the jait of the county of Saratoga; and that all fees and expenses of prosecuting and punishing offenders under the said b,rlaws, shall be defrayed by the president, and that upon trial, examination or a judicial investigation of any issue, matter of fact, or other thing wbatsoevP.r, arising unde•· this act, or any by-laws of· the said trustees, no person shall be deemed incompetent as judge, justice, juror or witness, by reason that he is an inhabitant of said village; and if any person shall be prosecuted for any matter or &bing done by virtue of this act, it shall be lawful for such persons to plead the general issue, and give this act and the special matter in evidence at the trial, and in case judgment shall be rendered in fa· vour of su!:h person-he shall recover double costs. 7 • .llnd be it further enacted, That the village of Saratoga Road district Springs shall be1 and the same is hereby constituted a separate r•llld district; and that the samE' shall be exempt from the superintend· ance of the €om missioners ot highways of the town of !S11ratuga Springs, and the 'trustees of said village are hereby elecled commis· sioners of highways lor thE' same, except as tu laying out, altering or disc:ontbuing any part of the highways within the same : and the overseers ofhigbways t'lt'Cted for said villa~ shall h11ve the same power, be subjoct to the same duties and to the same regulations and orders of the commissioners of highw11ys (If the town uf ;)arllto:ga Springs, rt'lative to laying out, altering ·•r discuntinr1ing any part of the highway in the said village; and silail have the·sa.me power, and be subject to the same regulations of the trustees of the said· vill~e as commilllion~rs of. highways in all other matters, as overseers of highway» by l11w now have ur are iubject to, giving in his h:~ts, and being accountable to the trustt>es aRd clerk in the sa1ue manner as overseers of highways are bound by law to do to the town clerk and commissioners of highways. 8. And be it further e11acted, That the trustees or the .said vii- f'onuniuion lage, as commissioners of highways, shall assess the persons residing·•n nr bi'b within the same, according to the "act to regulate highways," and ••Y' the lands of non residents in said village, and streets ill said village may be also assessed lor the improv~ment of highways, and if the . assessment shall remain unpaid wht>n the overseer makes his annual report to the trustees, they oaay order by such regulations as they deem expedient, the same or some part thereof tu be seld for the shortest term of years, sufficient to raise the tax, after giving ~ix weeks,public notice of such sale in the newspaper printed in the vii· lll!te; six weeks notice in the newspaper printed by the printer to. tbe state, and allowing the owner one year after the sale to redeem .tbe same on paying the expense of said assessment, and expense of sale, aud the interest thereon ; and the overseer of highDigitized by Goog Ie �LAWS OF NEW-YORK. ways of the said village after performing such labour on the highways and streets in said village, as the trustees shall direct, shall ... pay all menies remaining in his hands to the treasurer of the village, and all monies arising from the sale of non residents lands, not appropriated to the improvement of the highways and streets, shall also be paid into the treasury of tbe village. · Gommi•i•n 9. Jlnd be it further enacted, That the trustees of dJe said vii.,. of or.ci.. lage, for six years from the last day of April neu, shalt be commiasioners of excise for the said village, and have the exclusive power of granting licenses to keep inns and taverns, and permits to retail strong or spirituous liquors under five gallons, to persons within tbe limits of the said village, which licenses and per111its shall have the same effect as if granted by the commissioners of excise of. the town of Saratoga Springs. Li••-• o.od 10. And be it further enacted, That the trustees- io granting permit• licenses and permits as aforesaid, shall conform in all things to the "act to lay a duty on strong liquors, and for regulating inns and taverns," and shall pay over all monies received by them for licenses or permits, and the fees received for granting the same, to the trustees of the said village, and all forfeitures for selling liquors contrary to the said " act to lay a dtity on strong liquors, and for regulating inns and taverns," happening .or arising within the village, and it shall be paid to thl' treasurer, and it shall be tbe doty of the president of the hoard of trustees to prosecute all such offenders against the said ' act \Vithin the limits of the village, in the name of •he treasnnr, and the expen'les of such prosecution · shall be paid by · the ~rustees on the warrant of the presideat. l'ire eag;11., 11. And be it further enacted, That the trustees shall expend one half of the monies received lor liceases for inns and taverns, or permits to sell strong er spirituous liquors under five gallons ; and forfeitures for violations of the " act to lay a duty on strong liftuors, and for regulating inns and taverns" as aforesaid; in purchasing engines, 11inking reservoirs, building engine houses, and procuring the necessary apparatus to employ engineers to best advantage, and they are hereby authorised to pledge the fund arising from these som-ces, for the term aforesaid, and to procure as &Qon as couvenint one or more engines, and the necessary apparatus for usiug them, for the use of the village: Pro.,ided, That the trustees shall pay the other half of the said monies for the use of the poor of the said town, to the overseers of the poor of the town of Saratoga. 12. And be it further eJWcted, That it shall be lawful for the trustees of the village to permit or restruin the exhibition of any natural or artificial curiosities or caravan of animals, or other shows or exhibitions for money, undel' such regulations as they shall deem expedif'nt, and to direct the constables to attend and prevent riots or quarrelling at 01 near any such exhibitions. 13. Ar~d be itfurtlter enacted, That it shall and may be lawful F!reetion a bout the for the trustees of the said village, by and with the consent in writ•prior• ing, signl'd by the owner or occupant o( the land on which any of thl' medicinal or mineral springs within tbe said village are situated, or upon which any su~h spring may hereafter be ·round; tQ make erections about the said springs for ,the convenience of perS4)0s visiting the same, for the purpose of drinking and otherwise using the waters ; t& see that the passage ·to and from the 111tid Dig1t1zed by Coogle �FORTY-NINTH SESSION. springs is kept open; and to prevent the same from being interrupted by carts, wagona or other carriages, or by lumber of any kind ; te appoint proper persons to attend the spring, and draw the water for such as wish to drink or etherwise make use of the same, without demanding any compensation for the same; ~o make regulatioos for preserving deanlint>ss about the spring and the purity of the fountains, and to inflict such penalties on persons offending against such regulations as the trustees deem fit, to be recovered in like manner as tbe penalties mentioned in the sixth section ef this act. 14. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful BottliacU.. for the said trustees, by and with the consent,1 in writing, of the watero owner or eccupant of the lands on which any mineral or medicinal spring or fountain is situated, to regulate the hours of bottling and putting up of the waters at the said springs. 15. And be it further enacted, That the president shall keep a Aceoua11 just and accurate~ account of his necessary expenses and disbursements, at all reasonable times, open to the inspection of the inhabitants of l!llid village, and on exhibiting the same to the treasurer, shall be entitled to receive the amount thereof out of any money in the treasury. · , 16. And~~~ it futttl&er e11acted, That the trustees shall, each and To be 01hibit every year, at the place where the annual meeting is hel<!, exhibit a eo~ aaaullll7 statement of the money received by them or paid out on their warraot, the amount expended, and how expended, which statement shall be left with the said clerk at least three days prior to such election, and open for inspection. 17• .llnd be it further enacted, That the clerk shan· keep two Clerk's •atr separate books, to be furnished by the trustees ; in one book shall be entered the proceedings of the meetings of tht! corporation, election of officers, and votes and appropriations of money, and other proceedings of t!Je meetings; and in the other book shall be entered the votes and the proceedings of the trustees; and the trustees are required to supply S!J_ bonks as often as may be necessary ; the ch clerk shall k~ep ori tile in his office all reports of trustees, treasurers and overseers of highways, the bonds of treasurers and constables, all recognizances taken on granting licenses to taverns or permits to retail liquors, all ass~sment!; of road taxes made by the trustees, and aU papers belonging to and relating to the said village. · 18• .llnd be it further enacted, That the treasurer, before he en:- ~reasurorto ters on rlte duties <>f his office, shall give a btmd with two or more awe boad sutlieient sureties, being freeholders of the said village, to the trustee~~, in such penalty as they deem fit, conditioned for the faithful performance of his duty as such treasurer. 19. And be it furtw eMcted, That the treasurer shalt keep a To keep ae separate account of all monies received by t.im for licenses under ~:;•:e:!i:'• the" act to lay a duty on strong liquors, and for regulating inns and forli••••.. taverns," and shall,' at every annual meeting, makP a statement of tbe receipts and disbursemf'nts of the same, and shall also make a statement to the same meeting of all the monies received by him, and for what the same were received, and of all monies paid out of the treasury, and for wh&t purposes the same was paid out, and the 1 monies remaining in the trf'asory, if any. ; ·!0. .llnd be it furtw enacted, That it shall be the duty of the How to P•7 treasurer to pay out menies io the treasury on the warrant of the outmoae7 Digitized by Goog Ie �LA W5 OF NEW- YOR~. trusteess, or a majurity of them, and he shall P,ay such sums of mo· ney t<) the president and clerk as may be vuted to them for their services. c .onstableo.to 21 • .llnd be it further enacted, That the constables elected for ,,.. seeunty the said village shall give security for the faithful performance of their duties to the trustees, and shall have the same powers, and be subject to the same duti41s, in all cases, civil and crimin~, within the county of Satatoga, us constables elected by the town- of Saratoga Springs ;at the annulll town meeting. . . Fire wvdeao 22. Axd be it furtlter enacted, That it shall and may bt> lawful for the trustet>s to appuint three fire-wardens, whose duty it shall be, at all reasonable times, to. el)ter upun and examine the premises of any person within said village, in order to discovt>r sourct>s where damagt> by firt> may be expt>cted ; and if they shall discover that the premises of any person are in such a situation ai to require any precaution against damage by fire, they shall report the same to tbe .trustees, who shall give reasonable notice of such report to the owner or occ~pant of the premises ; and if ht> or sbe shall refuse or neglect to take the proper measures for the prevention of fires, the trustt>es may take sucb measures, and bring an action of debt in tbe · ( name of the trustees for tht> expense, and the sum so recovered may be collected in the manner provided for the collection of the expense of proYiding fire-buckets and ladders. A public act 28. Arul be it furtMr enacted, That this act is hereby dedared to be a public act, and that all the rights and privileges hereby granted are subject to a right in the lt>gislature t? amend, alter or repeal the same. CHAP. 227. AN ACT to secure to tAe Owners and Proprietors tif Little Lake the exclusive right of Fishing therein after a limited titne, Gild for directing tAe Mode for taking Fiala in certain Waters ir& tAe County of Greene. · Passed Aprill7, 1826. WHEREAS it is rt>presented that Nicholas Russell, Benjamin M. Young, John ,4... Shaft>r, Richard Young and Thomas Lawyer, are the owners and proprietors of a small lake at the foot of Kerker's mountain, in the towns of Carlisle and Cobelskill, in the county of Schoharie, and that they contemplate to raise, cultivate and improve in the said lake the growth of fishes : Therefore, F iohina rep 1. BE it enacted by the People of tAe State of New- York, repre· Jatd Bented in Senate and A88embly, That it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to ta!.e or catch, or cause ur procure to be taken and caught, in any way or manner, any of the fish in the lake callt>d Uttle lake, io thi towns of Cobelskill and Carlisle, in the county of Schoharie, from and after the passage of this act, excepting the owners and proprietors of said lake, after the first day of December in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight. Pewlieo 2. Allfl be it further enacted, That evt>ry person who shall offend against the provisions_of this act shall, for every such offence, ••••mbla Digitized by Goog Ie J , � https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6dfb64734a7adfece4b7afbd087d1dd5.png fa49122bfcc5f14977c4edf3a1abbb47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4SVAAQAAMAAJ&amp;">Googlebooks</a> Text Any textual data included in the document AN ACT to incorporate the Village of Saratoga SpringB. Passed April 17, 1826. 1. BE it enacted by the People of the State of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That all that district of country Jying in the town of Saratoga Springs, county of Saratoga, and stateof New-York, situated between two lines parallel to, and each half of a mile distant from the following described line, to wit : beginning on the line between the Livingston and Ostrander Jots, in the centre of the highway, near the house of Jesse Ostrander; running northerly as the highway runs, till it strikes Broad-street, as laid out on a map of lots at Saratoga Springs, belonging to Gideon Putnam, thence northerly along the centre of Broad-street, till the said line intersects the highway leatling from the upper village to Greenfield, near the new Methodist meeting-house ; thence north to Greenfield line, shall continue to be called and known by the name of the village of Saratoga Springs ; and all the inhabitants residing within the limits aforesaid; be and hereby are ordained, constituted and declared to be from time to time, and forever hereafter, a body corporate and politic, in fact and in name, by the name of "The Trustees of the village of Saratoga Springs," and by that name they and their successors forever hereafter, shall and may have perpetual succession, and shall be persons in law capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and being defended, in all courts and placea whatsoever; and that they and their succesors may have .a common seal, and may change or alter the sarne at pleasure : and also, that they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of purchasing, holding and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the public use of the said village ; and or erecting any public buildings, or aqueducts, and digging any reservoirs for water for the use of said village, or extinguishing firl', and keeping in repair such buildings, aqueducts and reservoirs; of purchasing and keeping in repair, fire ·engines, ladders, buckets and other instruments for extinguishing fire. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jordana Dym Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Act of Incporation, Village of Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/17/1826 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Laws of the State of New-York passed at the forty-ninth session of the Legislature, begun and held at the city of Albany, the third day of January 1826. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Printed by E. Croswell, Printer to the state Description An account of the resource The act creating the village of Saratoga Springs enacted by New York State's 49th assembly. Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource New York (State) Subject The topic of the resource roads Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jordana Dym Type The nature or genre of the resource statute Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) 19th century boundaries city government city planning History Saratoga Springs https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/41cbb5653b85b77561eb45b47c822c12.JPG 6e0df890bd8dffac46a68973e2bd5e9a https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/ac2f73e0b7fcbdc3829d66e33c7f6f7e.JPG 8920fd4f158b5105d2bdeab7d8bcc2f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-renewal Saratogians wouldn't recognize their city Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/25/09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bernstein, Andrew J. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource For recent arrivals, it is hard to picture this city without the CVS Plaza on Congress Street, the vast parking lot on High Rock Avenue or the towering mixed use buildings that house The Gap, Talbots and other retail outlets...First started by the federal legislation in the 1960s under President Lyndon B. Johnson, the program aimed to revitalize the core of some of the country's neglected urban centers. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/830109b742f808acb56bb0858fe60c85.jpg c0069a0323c122400b21eb30643d74c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skidmore College Office of Communications Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scope Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve Gerritsen, '06 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/c05cbd552fa37056d27dce89acff4fa7.mp3 78bd7bed3b9103e6322e53f0beede5e7 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/5b9ec5cc331896b10b72dccac4b23d9a.JPG 3cac6b3b978486bf280afc016ae0921d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moore Hall Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skidmore College Office of Communications Description An account of the resource Windows Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve Gerritsen, '06 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/157b5cd8e8ac2f18a489cb24e41a36e3.jpg 0989777059a6598786199edcf934657d https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/c34b4f19bb060bee38c19abc1a8ac298.JPG 9108b92bcd0b4cc6ae878d34096a9444 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moore Hall at Night Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.skidmore.edu/scope/summer2006/features/index.htm Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Skidmore College Office of Communications, Scope, Summer 2006 Description An account of the resource Moore Hall at Night Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve Gerritsen, '06 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. This collection offers a glimpse into our past in the voices of those who have shared their stories. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Pink Palace Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/29/2015 Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plumer, Daniel, '16 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Landis, Margie Monosson, Deborah Wilkinson-Hunter, Susan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource (c) Daniel Plumer Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 Type The nature or genre of the resource audio recording Abstract A summary of the resource. An audio documentary with reminiscenses by alumnae Margie Landis, Deborah Monosson, and Susan Wilkinson-Hunter, of Moore Hall (32 Union Avenue), more familiarly known to students as "the pink palace." <br /><br />This former residence hall was sold by the College in 2006; a Scope article features&nbsp; <a title="2006 scope article on Moore Hall" href="http://www.skidmore.edu/scope/summer2006/features/index.htm">additional reminiscnes</a>. <br /><br />Accompanying photos show groundbreaking for the building in 1957, and photos of the Hall by John Gerritsen, '06. Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4/29/2015 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Daniel Plumer Description An account of the resource Audio doc about Moore Hall (the Pink Palace) by Dan Plumer, '16, made as part of Radio Storytelling, Spring 2015, taught by Eileen McAdam Moore Hall oral history Skidmore story https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/4a4905c7f525dae0825be62ab20af4ae.jpg 3d22703422bc2b67e6ad9bf97fc96598 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Work starts on Spring Run Trail Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/5/10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Donges, Patrick H. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Transportation Description An account of the resource A multi-use path to connect Northway and Congress Park Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/3483aa1f117d38860ebb86a6f5c4f66a.jpg f5adbca446787a3ed15b8272ba6b8a07 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/604e1885116f31fb2e9a87a60542b744.mp3 1958a2b04efeae44dbef3020170ff090 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Catalano, Deven Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Hilary Ramirez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Hillary Ramirez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/5/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Description An account of the resource Hilary speaks about what being a Dominican American, a black woman, and a Latinx woman means to her and the way her identities shape her experience. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Hilary Ramirez is a Dominican American and was raised in the Bronx, New York in a community that included Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, Black Americans and others. In our interview, Hilary speaks to the formation of her racial identity and the racial fault lines that she has encountered in her family and in Dominican Culture more broadly. She describes the comradery and community she grew up knowing in the Dominican Salons of the Bronx and a tells of a personal journey that led her to embrace her natural hair texture. Hilary also tells the story of her family’s migration to the United States and her father’s escape from the oppressive rule of Joaquin Balaguer. Hilary is a chemistry major at Skidmore College. Dominican Hair Culture Dominican Republic ethnicity family Gender identity Intersectionality Latinx oral history Phenotype race Skidmore College Skidmore student Women in Science https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a7e75766fdbe52280c48ade1a10d6f04.jpg cfaa27bdd6bdb2ff4770d57c92227d7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Rojas, Isabel Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Karina Gonzalez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Karina Gonzalez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/5/17 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HI251C: History of Latinx in the U.S. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. Karina Gonzalez is a first generation graduating Skidmore student, double majoring in Business and Sociology. Her mother migrated from the Dominican Republic and they currently live in Harlem, NYC along with her older brother two older sisters. In the following interview, Karina speaks to her fellow student, Isabel Rojas, about what it means to be a second generation Latina; together, they explore the complexities of her identity as an Afro Dominicana, as well as family dynamics, beauty, gender, and bi-nationality. Afro-Latinx Beauty Bi-nationality bkcultural culture Dominican Republic family Gender immigration Latinx New York City race Second Generation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/cdf9dfeb0f729c8b9e9dde50388fe498.jpeg 1142c67b529cc1e284cff6f5d3ffbd81 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/055d13ba36dbe7d4c90813dc4a6fb1ae.mp3 491bae90f41d96840b5a326c549dd208 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/9f4be88a5fee31f2c8d017ee1b34dd05.pdf eaf5469b75cc4b30ad1fd2bcd6167453 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/f0203c88a444d9455a8195fe1238bcc9.pdf 644f2d47ccf5b0671e4cb1eaf401353c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skidmore College Retirees Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Frederick Nelson Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Steve Otrembiak Location The location of the interview Media Services, Skidmore College Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data audio recording Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Frederick Nelson Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 4/26/2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Steve Otrembiak Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/6/2017 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The Skidmore Retiree Memory Project Description An account of the resource Former Skidmore College media technician, Saratoga Native, and second generation Skidmore employee, Steve Otrembiak, recalls his extensive, over 30-year career working in a growing and changing community. As someone who has witnessed the college’s evolution from a number of different perspectives over a long period of time, Steve provides an insightful narrative of Skidmore’s challenges and triumphs and its ability to keep up with a changing world.  Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frederick Nelson Campus Move Employee Tuition Benefit Program Media Services Staff as Students Tang Museum Technological Changes Transitions in Staff Positions Unionization