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15 40 764 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/bce5c9303ddcf12bb1b466681925a1c3.jpg 4a764c2a8b653bd94b59fd267bb1b282 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peg Boyers and Dog Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Emma Dodge Hanson https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/d00f61792e3a7b0e5e7400b457407656.m4a 8315cd4521b13d60393b20c6286072fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peg Boyers From Venezuela to Cuba Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/25/2016 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/06883a235e04dc1e7ec11275a48c6b6d.m4a 39dbfacf2202682ed408265cbdae173a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peg Boyers Identity Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/25/2016 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/85bc110106171961494309e7c292e05f.m4a 0aff49cfa30df59697cfcea62e616a75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peg Boyers Migrant Community/Immigration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/25/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latinx Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Sarah Coker Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peg Boyers Location The location of the interview Saratoga Springs, NY Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Sarah Coker Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 04/26/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peg Boyers Interview Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/25/2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Coker Language A language of the resource eng Description An account of the resource <div>Peg Boyers is a Skidmore alumni and faculty lecturer in the English Department, as well as executive editor of Salmagundi Magazine. She spoke with Skidmore Student Sarah Coker at her home in Saratoga Springs on March 25<span>^th</span>&nbsp;2016 about Cuban identity, Cubans in the United States, and her travel experiences as a child.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> Cuba Cuban culture family identity immigration Latin America Latina Latino Latinx migration oral history Skidmore College Skidmore faculty https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/fa66e39cd7c7a2aeca7f3caf726918d0.pdf f4f7bfd9646935bcada18cc143395ee2 PDF Text Text Pensions are Not Enough: The Individual Company and Its Older Workers Author(s): Edwin Shields Hewitt Source: The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Apr., 1951), pp. 127-140 Published by: University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2349911 Accessed: 01-11-2015 14:05 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH: THE INDIVIDUAL COMPANY AND ITS OLDER WORKERS EDWIN SHIELDS HEWITT AND ASSOCIATES" SOME employers have provided of society of a policy of retirementat age who a pension plan for their employees consider that they have met the problemof their older workers.Actually, in the light of present knowledge of the individual needs of older workersand of the implications of an aging population fromthe viewpointof both the individual company and the economy as a whole, private pension systems should be considered as merely one approach to the problemof older workersin industry. CHANGING POLICIES ABOUT RETIREMENT I930-50 Ourthinkingabout the problemof the aged has undergoneconsiderablechange within the last two decades. Because of the changing age distribution of the population and the growing percentage of the population over sixty-five, considerable thought has been directed to the problem of the older worker.During the decade of the thirties wide-scaleunemploymentled to agitation for compulsory retirement of workersat age sixtyfive as a device for making room for younger workers. The enactment of a national system of compulsory old age insurance and a supplementaryfederalstate program of old age assistance for the needy aged gave promiseof a partial solution of the problem of financial insecurity for those over sixty-five. The desirability from the viewpoint sixty-five or even earlierand the advantages to the individual worker of a period of well-earned rest and leisure were generallyaccepted. It was assumed that the availability of old age benefits would give each worker an opportunity to choose between continuingto work or retiring from the labor force. It was expected that, given such a choice, most workerswould prefer to retire.2Such an expectation was, of course, based upon the assumption that old age benefits would be sufficient for the support of aged workers. The war years, with changedeconomic conditions, brought modificationsin attitudes and practiceswith respect to the employment of older workers and the policy of compulsory retirement. Manpowershortagesopenedthe door to older workers. Industry, which had for some time discriminated against olderworkers, now hired older persons and urged retired workersto return to the job. Many older persons who had stopped work gladly applied for new jobs or returned to their old jobs. During the war years, because of the restrictionson wage increases,becauseof tax incentives, and because profitable business made it easier for those selling pension plans to convince employers of their desirability, many employers established pension plans. In the postwar period many of the by This reportwas prepared the staff of Edwin older persons who were employed were Shields Hewitt and Associates of Chicago, indeI 2 William H. Stead, "Trendsof Employment pendentanalystsand actuaries,underthe direction in recently Relation to the Problemsof the Aging," Journal of Sydney B. Scoville, directorof research, Universityof Chicago. assistantprofessor, of Gerontology,IV (October, I949), 294. I27 This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I28 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS reluctant to retire, and the high level of economic activity made it possible for many of them to remain productively active. Even with an economy operating at peak levels, however, many older workers wereunableto find employment. This situation, along with the rise in prices and the consequent minimization of the real benefits provided by the old age insuranceprogram,led to increased pressurefor enacting amendmentswhich would provide more substantial old age insurancebenefits and, in the absence of such amendments,to increasedpressure for private pension plans to supplement social insurance. The acceptance by certajn strong labor unions of pension benefitsas a presumablynoninflationary economic gain and the decision of the National Labor Relations Board requiring employers to bargain collectively on pensions and benefit plans accelerated the trend toward the establishment of retirementplans. In the meantime the medical profession had turnedits attention to the growing problem of chronicillness and physical and mental impairment among the aged. Psychiatrists, interested in the mental health of the aged, saw clearly the severe emotional stress induced by premature retirement and the possible disastrouseffects upon the individual of compulsoryretirement. Social workers, in daily contact- with aged persons in financial need or with emotional difficulties, were concerned about the need for individualizedtreatment of the aged. Psychologistsstressed the need for using the conceptsof physiologicaland psychologicalage ratherthan chronological age, as a basis for hiring, retaining, and retiringworkers. Threemajorquestionswere repeatedly raised: (i) the effects of compulsoryretirement upon aged persons who were psychologically unprepared for retirement; (2) the growing economic burden of the support of the aged whether throughsocial insurance,private pension plans, or other means; (3) the effect upon society and the economy of the lost productivity of many workers forced or encouraged to retire at sixty-five or before. A growing body of knowledge based upon medical research concerning the physicaland mental problemsof the aged has changed long-standing concepts about the desirability of retirement for all those who reach a designatedchronological age. Growing concern about the economic as well as the personal effects of compulsoryretirementhas led to considerableexaminationof the problemand to attempts to enact legislation to prevent discriminationagainst the aged in employment. One of the most active groups interested in the problem, the New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problemsof the Aging, in its I949 report noted five basic shortcomingsin current employment practices concerning the aged:3 Wide-scale prejudice againsthiring workers overforty-five of 2. Compulsory retirement workersat sixtyfive withoutregardto their ability to work, need to work,or desireto work facilities in govern3. Lack of job-counseling mentorindustry 4. Inadequacyof existing industrialpension plans which sometimesthwart the employmentof the elderly,fail to providesufficient sumsto coverthe cost of living, and provide little protection the oldperson for whowishes to changeemployment beforeretirement age workin 5. Lackof job analysisor classification into industryto fit elderlyworkers jobs they can do profitably i. 3New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problemsof the Aging, NeverToo Old (Legislative Doc. No. 32 [I949]), p. I3. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH Some of the reasons given by employers for their failure to hire older workersdo not stand up under examination, as they have no basis in fact or are basedupon exaggeratedor unusualsituations. Some of the reasons for failure to hire older workersfollow. ratesgo up i. Workmen's compensation are whenelderlyworkers employed.-This belief has no basis in fact, since age does not enter into the determination of workmen's compensation rates. In the main, rates are determined by the relative hazardsof the industry and the accident experience of the individual company. The formula for determining the premiumrate does not considerthe type of personnelinvolved, nor does the insurance contract say anything about the age of the workersemployed. 2. Older workersare subject to higher otherworkers. accidentratesand endanger -As a matter of fact, accidentfrequency rates tend to declinewith advancingage. Although older workers are involved in fewer accidents, the duration of the period of disability tends to increase with age. Thus the accidents sufferedby older workers,while less frequent,are likely to be more severe, and the healing process is slower. According to Dr. Nathan W. Shock: "The diminished accident rate for older workersmore than counterbalances this longer healing period so that, in general, it may be concluded that older men have proved less expensive from the standpointof accidentcost than younger men."4One survey in this area, made by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics during the war, showed that disabling injuries (those involving a permanent impairment or disability for work for at least one -full shift) occurred 4 Nathan W. Shock, "Older People and Their Potentialities for Gainful Employment," Journal II of Gerontology, (April, I947), 99-IOO. I29 slightly less frequently among workers over fifty than among those under fifty, while handicappinginjuries (those which usually requireonly first aid) were much less common at age fifty and over than in the younger age groups. Once injured, however, older workers generally took longer to heal.5 3. Elderly workers cannot produce so much as younger workers and are not so profitable.-Nathan W. Shock, in discussing the alleged reducedproductivity of older workers,states: Since there are few occupations in which a substantial number of workers are employed on work of equal difficulty, the speed of which is governed by the worker himself and for which individual production records are available, it is almost impossible to determine the role of age in industrial output. However, on the basis of our physiologic knowledge, it seems probable that work output may diminish in older workers. Hence it is important than an educational program be instituted which will make it possible to place the older worker in positions where speed is of lesser importance.6 Ewan Clague, the United States commissioner of labor statistics, lists reducedmuscularstrength, slowerreflexes, decreasedkeenness of sight and hearing, and various chronic disabilities as the most obvioussourceof difficultyfaced by older workers because of physiological aging. He adds, however, that the extent of physical impairmentis exaggerated in popular thinking: Many of the physical changes associated with age not only tend to occur more slowly than we once supposed, but also interfere less than 5 Max D. Kossoris, "Absenteeism and Injury Experience of Older Workers," Monthly Labor Review, LXVII (July, 1948), I7-I8; gee also Ewan Clague, "Some Industrial Aspects of Aging" (address before the tenth annual Congress on Industrial Health, sponsored by the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association, New York, February 2I, I950), p. 8. 6 Shock, op. cit., pp. 99-I00. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I30 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS we would expect with performance on the job. There is evidence, for example, that experience on a given job often tends to maintain the particular kind of vision that the job demands after other visual functions become impaired. Moreover, . . . many an oldster has keener hearing and better vision than an average man twenty or more years his junior.7 Claguebelievesthat the often mentioned psychologicalaccompanimentsof aging, such as reduction in learningspeed, lessened adaptability to new ways of doing things, and the tendency to become unco-operative in ordinary working relationships, are also often overestimated.8 there is a generalfailureto Furthermore, that many older workersexunderstand cel in jobs requiringlong training, experience, knowledge, and skill and have positive qualities of dependability,judgment, and loyalty. Accordingto Thomas C. Desmond, the chairman of the New York committee, the older worker has four basic advantages over the younger which employee.He has moreexperience, motions; he is less ineliminateswasted clined toward outside distractions;he is more conscientious because of his long service and mature attitudes; he appreciates his workmore and tries harderbecause he has more at stake than the neweryounger employee.9In many jobs at the professionaland manageriallevel, maturity is an asset. This is also true in many of the skilled crafts and in certain types of service jobs where reliability is especially important.'0Thus in factory production,where speed is often an importantfactor, the older workermay not be able to hold his own on an assembly I Clague, op. cit., p. 7. 8Ibid. 9 Thomas C. Desmond, "Industry Needs the Older Workers," in New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problems of the Aging, op. cit., p. 96. IO Clague, op. cit., p. 8. line. On the other hand, among professional people, the older worker may be very successfulbecause of his experience and maturity. Ewan Clague points out that it is between these two extremes, in the vast numbers of intermediate situations, that prejudiceand misinformation appear as serious complications in the older worker's employment problems." 4. It is unprofitableto invest in the training of older workersbecauseof the short work-life-expectancy.With increasing life-expectancy, many persons over fifty-five or sixty have a considerable number of years ahead of them in which they will be well able to continue as productiveworkers.The man of sixtyfive has an expectancy of over a decade more of life before him. 5. Thereis an increasedlaborturnover among older workers.-Actually, the reverse of this is true. The increasein stability of older workersis of considerable importance to industry, since the training of new employees is often very expensive. 6. Thereis increased absenteeism among older workers.-In the population as a whole, there is more illness among older persons than among younger. On the other hand, in a survey made during the war by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of absenteeismrates by age groupsin manufacturingindustries,there was very little variation in the absenteeism rates because of illness. However, older workers tend to be absent from work for a longer period of time because of illness than do younger workers. There is less absenteeism attributable to causes other than illness among older workers.The survey showedthat the absenteeismrates for all reasons (illness and others) were lowest in the fifty-five to fifty-nine age group II Ibid. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH and that, while workers over sixty-five had a slightly higher rate than those of fifty-fiveto fifty-nine, they lost much less working time than did workers in their teens and twenties and somewhat less than those in their thirties and forties.12 7. The public prefers youngerworkers in jobs requiringpublic contacts,such as waitresses, clerks, office workers, salesmen.-This is a commonbelief, but there is no conclusiveevidence to prove or disprove it. 8. Pension systems make it difficultto hire older workers.-It is alleged that undermany of the pension plans paying flat monthly sums at retirement, employers who hire older workers face a heavier future pension liability. It is also argued that companies hesitate to hire workers for short spans of time, for example, from fifty-five to sixty-five, since this would be insufficient time to accumulate money in the pensionfund to pay suchworkersreasonableretirementbenefits. As a matter of fact, most pensionplans do not operate against the hiringof older workers. First, many pension plans do not pay flat monthly benefits, but vary the benefits with years of service. Thus older workers hired for short spans of time would rece'ivesmall benefits. Second, some pension plans exclude shortservice workers, that is, they require a mininum numberof years of service for eligibility for benefits. Third, some plans contain a maximumage provisionso that workershired when older than the maximum age are ineligible for inclusion in the plan. Fourth, in some plans with no specific exclusion of older or of shortservice workers, the company will have no pension liability for such workers, since the benefit formula provides for a t2 op. Kossoris, Cit., p. I7; see also Clague, op. cit. I31 companypension less social security and the company pension for short-service workersis so small that it is completely or largely offset by the social security benefit. Thus there are several ways to adjust a pensionplan formulaso that the hiring of older workersdoes not place an undue burden upon employers. ADEQUATE RETIREMENT BENEFITS What does all this mean as far as the individual company and its interest in its older workers is concerned? In the, first place, if older workers are to be treated as individuals, they should be allowed to exercise some choice between retiring and remainingproductive members of society. Furthermore,if management is to manage, it must have the right to determine what constitutes an effective working force. Both selections, to be free choices, depend upon the existence of adequateretirementbenefitsso that retirement does not constitute a drastic cut in standards of living. It is contemplatedthat old age benefitsunder the Social Security Act will provide a minimum of subsistence for all retired workers. To the extent that social security benefits do not provide adequate income, adequacy will be achieved only if supplementary benefits are provided throughprivate plans. FLEXIBLE RETIREM1ENT AGE In the second place, the pension plan adopted should preferably not require retirementfor all workersat a fixed, arbitrary age, such as sixty-five, since there in differences the rate are wide indivridual and degreeof aging. Selectionof the time for retirement should be determined as nearlyas possibleby inability to continue as a productive worker. This is impossible to establish in advance for indi- This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I32 THE JOURNALOF BUSINESS viduals, but the span of time during which such a condition is most likely to occurfor a groupis predictable. One of several alternatives for introducingflexibilityin retirementplans may be chosen. For example, a pension plan may provide for a normalretirementage with optional earlierretirementpossible. The normalretirementage may be set at sixty-five, sixty-eight, or seventy. Factors influencingthe choice of an age later than sixty-five are the larger benefits whichmay be providedat later ages; the fact that a later normalretirementage is more acceptable, since, with increased longevity,workersare reluctantto retire; and the fact that a retirementage can be lowered more easily than it can be raised. A provision permitting optional earlierretirement at any time after age sixty furnishes some latitude for recognizing individual differences.Benefits at an earlier age can be provided without increasingthe liability of the plan, but in such cases benefitsmay be reducedto 50 per cent or less of what would have been paid at normal retirement. A second possibility is to permit employees to retire over a span of years (such as from sixty to seventy) with benefitsbased on years of service at the time of retirement. Such a span recognizes individual differencesand is more practicaland useful than is a fixed retirement age. An employee continuingat his regularjob beyond the youngest age at which he is eligible to retire would increasethe ultimate pension benefitshe is to receive.The plan may provide that no largerbenefitsare earnedbeyond a limiting age, such as seventy, and that an employeemay continue his employment beyondthat age only with the employer's consent.Such a provisionassists the company in maintaininga certain amount of control over the maximum retirement age. Since the span of years selected will in part determinethe ages at which most retirementsoccur, the employer'sability to meet the liability produced as well as individualdifferences must be considered in establishingsuch an age range. A third possibility is to provide for a span of years over which employees can retire but provide for full benefits in event of retirement in the early part of the span, such as ages sixty to sixty-five, only with the company's consent and permit no increased benefits for years workedbeyond sixty-five. In the absence of a compulsory retirement provision and in considerationof the currenttrend to keep workersproductive,many workers actually retire later than age sixtyfive. Therefore, the funds released because of retirement after sixty-five can in many cases be used to provide the increased cost of the earlier retirements. Even though the total of all provisions for a worker's retirement, including his own accumulationsfor pension benefits and his benefitsfrom social security,may be adequate to make a workerself-sufficient during his period of retirement, it is important in the effective operation of a flexible retirement system that the level of pensions remain such that continuation on the pay roll continues to be more attractive than retirement at a reduced level of company and social security benefit. From the standpoint of the funding of a pension system, it is, of course, uneconomical to fund for an earlier retirement age than will be called for by actual retirements. While it is possible to establish in advance an expected rate of retirement under such a system providing for a variableretirementage, funding in future years will be governed by revision of this rate according to the experience of the system. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH SELECTIVE PLACEMENT OF OLDER WORKERS A company which realizesthat a fixed retirement age does not conform to the realities of individual differencesamong its older workers will provide for some flexibility in its retirementpolicy and in the retirementage of its pensionplan. In addition, such a company will be interested in other aspects of dealing with its olderworkers,such as the selectiveplacement of older workers, the selection of workersfor retirement,and the preparation of workersfor retirement. In a survey conducted by the National Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers among large and small companies of many types, it was found that a considerableproportionof the companieshired and retainedolderworkersand that most of these companiesreportedfavorablyon the job performance of older workers. However, proper selection of older workersand carefuljob-placementmethods were emphasizedas highly important if companies are to enjoy the greatest success with the employment of older workers.13 I33 who are not so productive as formerly can continue at the same job only at reduced pay. For some of this group, adjustments may be made, such as a less rigid schedule of attendance or hours or a change in responsibility or type of work. A third group of workerscan better be transferred to a new job more suitable to their capacities, for which they may need some training.Such a job may be at the same or at reduced pay. Dr. Nathan Shock comments that the success in developingpersonnelselection at the intake side of industryleads one to regard with optimism the prospect of developing similar techniques for selection in retirement.'5 The proper placement of the older workerrequiresan evaluationof his experience, skills, and physical capacities in relation to the demands of the job. The first step in the adequate utilization of the potentialities of older workers for gainful employment should be careful and complete job analysis. Jobs should be analyzed as to the skills required to performthem and with respect to factors such as speed, energy requirements,fatigue effects, judgment, and experience.'6 Aging produces certain changes, such as sensory impairment and reduced speed of reaction.Thus olderworkersshouldbe placed in jobs in which these factors are of minimal importance. According to WilliamH. Stead, industry shoulde-valuate its jobs in an effort to fit its aging workersinto positions that would be advantageous both to industry and to the Dr. Edward Stieglitz states that basing retirement upon chronologic age alone results in a double source of waste by discarding workers who are physiologically younger than their years and by making obligatory the retention of many workers who have become senile prematurely.'4Some workers at sixtyfive can continue at their regularjob at the same pay and be as productiveor in- workers.'7 creasingly productive. Other workers I5 Dr. Nathan U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Department of Manufacture, Employment of Physically Handicapped and Older Workers (Washington, I949), pp. 5, 20. '4 Edward J. Stieglitz, The Second Forty Years (New York: J. B. Lippincott Co., I946), p. 287. '3 W. Shock, "Physiological Capacities of Elderly Workers," in New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problems of the Aging, Op. cit., p. I33. I6 Shock, "Older People and Their Potentialities for Gainful Employment," p. ioo. I7 Op. Cit., p. 296. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I34 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS When a man reaches a certain period where Clifford Kuh suggests that there be analysisby the job analyst of the physi- he is not able to produce what he formerly procal and environmentaldemands of par- duced or what the employer wishes him to produce, we allow him to stay in that plant at a ticularjobs.,8 For example, jobs may be lower salary, where he may keep at work doing classified as involving mechanical fac- things which the employer would ordinarily tors, such as lifting, carrying, handling, allot to, say, a semi-skilled worker. We have pushing, climbing, seeing, hearing, etc., a semi-skilled branch in our union for those and environmentalfactors, such as in- who have neither the experience nor the qualifications of a journeyman and their rate of pay side, outside, high temperature, low is about half the rate of pay of a qualified temperature, vibration, noise, working journeyman printer. If the man wishes to realone, working with others, day shift, tain a job and can't quite do the work he used to, we allow him to stay there at that seminight shift, etc. the skills and capacities of skilled rate.20 Next, workers necessary to perform the parWhile seniority is the governing conticularjobs shouldbe determined.Some- sideration in choosing employees to be times a simple matter of re-engineering laid off in most collective bargaining is possible to suit the job to an aged per- agreements,many of these contractsproson. For example, Kuh suggests that, if vide for exemptions from layoff on the a machine operation requires too much basis of seniority. One of the likely expulling, the plant engineercan rearrange emptions is that of efficiencyconsideraor alter the length of the levers to reduce tions. In some contractsseniorityis given the effort required, or if a job requires equal consideration with other factors, too much stooping, the work area may such as ability or skill, experience or be moved nearer to the level of the physical fitness. In a third group of worker'sshoulder.19 job re-engineering agreements, contract provisions state If is impossible,the older workershould be that seniority provisions shall be contransferredto work he can do, with the sidered where other factors are equal. necessary training for the new job pro- Such other factors include differencesin vided. ability and physical fitness.2' The objections of some unions to the Shock suggests that individualtests to of downgrading workersmay present an assess the physiological age of various obstacle to such a practice. Many collec- organ systems must be devised, as well tive bargaining agreements, however, as individual tests for performance affordspecial transferrights for aged or capacity: handicappedpersons. For example, the Because of wide individual differencesin agreement may state that "employees physiologicaging among personsof the same who have given long and faithful service chronologicage, it is essential that tests of and can no longerhandle their duties are physiologicage be developedfor variousorgan to be given preference or consideration systems. It will also be necessary to devise for such lighter work as is available." Charles W. Views Its CharlesW. Campbell,of the New York Elderly Workers,"Campbell, "LaborJoint Legisin New York State TypographicalUnion No. 6, states: lative Committee Problemsof the Aging,op. cit., on 20 p. ioo. 18 CliffordKuh, "Selective Placement of Older Workers," Journal of Gerontology,I Uuly, 3I4. '9Ibid., p. 3I6. I946), 2! Bureauof NationalAffairs,"Seniority, Layoff, Promotion, and Transfer," Collective Bargaining Negotiationsand Contracts,No. I24 (March io, I950), pp. 43-52. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH more adequate methods of health examinations which will permit the early recognition of chronic disease. Methods of assessing performance capacities in individuals need to be developed as well. It is in this area that research is most urgently needed.22 As changes in the worker's abilities and interests make it necessary, the hours, arduousness,and difficultyof the job can be reduced. As Lawton points out, workersshould be placed on a modified schedule when the necessity is proved by tests and by objective standards of working ability, not by a particular birthday or at the employer's whim.23 In order to determine which workers should be retained at the same job and same pay, which need job modification, and which should retire under a flexible retirementplan, severalpossibilitiesmay be considered. In some companies the personnel bureau is used not only to hire and fire workers but to shift them from one type of activity to another. One suggestionmeriting considerationis the establishment within a company of an impartial panel to evaluate older workersperiodicallyfrom the standpoint of health, productivity, emotional attitudes, and personal factors. In accordance with the findings of such a panel, the olderworkercould remainin his present job, be placed in a less arduoustask, be placed on partial pension with shorter hours and a correspondingdecrease in This would constipay, or be retired.24 a more logical approach to retiretute ment than the class approachof throwing into a mass all those sixty-five years I35 of age or over; it would be a case-by-case approach, examining the actual rather than the presumed capacity of men to performtheir jobs adequately.25 ProfessorErnest W. Burgess speaks of an indexof aging, an instrumentdesigned to ascertain the actual process of aging in its physiological, psychological, and social aspects. Physiological aging, he says, would be concerned with organic conditions, such as heart trouble; psychological aging with decline in mental ability; and sociologicalaging with contraction of social activities and interests: The value of this index of aging is obvious. When it has been designed and standardized, retirement could be based on the scientific determination of the physiological, psychological, and social efficiency of the person rather than on the number of years he has lived. Part time work might be assigned also with consideration of functional rather than of chronological age.26 To some employers automatic retirement at a fixed age appears to be easier and kinder than singlingout individuals. William G. Caples questions the advisability of selective retirement on the of recommendation a panel because "one man is judging another man's fitness to work and that can be cruel, if human errorenters in.'27 He argues, in support of a fixedretirementage, that it gives advance notice of the time of retirement and allows a workerto plan accordingly; it prevents favoritism; it avoids grievances; it is an incentive to youngermen; 25Clark Kerr, "Social and Economic ImplicaRetions of Private Pension Plans," Management view, May, I950, p. 297. 26 ErnestW. Burgess,"The Growing Nathan W. Shock, "OlderPeople and Their Problemof p. the Potentialitiesfor GainfulEmployment," I00. Aging," in Clark Tibbits (ed.), Living through 23 George (NewYork: Later Years (Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Lawton,AgingSuccessfully 22 Columbia University Press, I946), p. 73. Press, I949), pp. 24HowardRush, "When Are We Too Old To Work?"TownMeeting(TownHall, June I3, I950), P. 5. WilliamG. Caples,"WhenAreWe Too OldTo TownMeeting(Town Hall, June I3, I950), Work?" 22-23. 27 p. I3. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �136 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS it results in general imnprovement the of average productivity of the working force;it avoids the worker'sbeing termed unfit and the consequentloss of prestige with family, fellow-workers, and friends. It may also be arguedthat individualdeterminationsand adjustments are troublesome and may be costly; that possibilities for transfer of workers to other jobs arelimited;28 that compulsoryretirement automaticallyopens up new opportunities for younger persons; that it decreases pay-roll costs and eliminates the worker who is not producing efficiently in an equitable and standard manner.29 Moreover, employers may fear that, under a policy of individual consideration they might be accused by unions and individual employees of favoritism and discrimination.30 It should be noted that compulsory retirement does not always decrease costs; it may add to them by eliminating efficientproducers and substituting untrainedworkersfor trained. Compulsory retirementmay also create considerable ill-will among retiredworkers,especially those who are retiredwhen they are well able to produce as efficientlyas before.3' GeorgeLawton points out that industry spends large sums on technological research and should devote an equal amount to the study of changeswith age in patterns of vocational interest and abilities, problemsof human relations in industrial situations, types of occupa- tions most suitable for older people, and methods of rehabilitation.32 There is great need for researchand experimentation on a company-by-company basis to develop methods for the selection of employees for job transfer and retirement. Objective, measurable factors which could be used to determine which workers should retire, which should be transferred,and which should remainin their formerjobs wouldgreatly simplify the problem. A critical clinical medical examination, including blood pressure, blood counts, chest X-rays, urineanalysis,visual and otologicaltests, would help to measure the individual's physiological age. This could be combined with a measure of factors such as attendance, promptness, accidents, errors, spoilage, reworks,complaints, output, and individual morale, weighted in terms of their relationshipto costs. PREPARATION FOR RETIREMENT Even though retirement is discretionary rather than arbitraryat any definite chronologicalage, for those workerswho retire some preparationis desirable.Dr. Anthony Lanza points out that it is inconsistent to follow an elaborate ritual for conditioning a man for his employment and to give no thought to preparThere is a ing him for his retirement.33 growingbody of opinion that no healthy man should retireuntil he is fit both economically and emotionally to retire. 28 Charles A. Pearce, "Present Employment Emotional acceptanceof retirementmay Statusof OlderWorkers," New YorkState Joint require considerablepreparation.A proin LegislativeCommitteeon Problemsof the Aging, gram for retirementorientation, counselop. cit., p. 4I. ing, and preparation tailored to the 29 New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problems of the Aging, op. cit., p. i6. 32Lawton, op. cit., p. 98. 33 Anthony J. Lanza, "The Industrial Physician's Role in Geriatrics," in New York State Joint 3INew York State Joint Legislative Committee Legislative Committee on Problems of the Aging, on Problems of the Aging, op. cit., p. I6. op. cit., p. I42. 30 Pearce,Op.Cit., p. 4I. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH needs of the individual should be set up in all companies. In some companies organized lecture courses and study groups have been instituted for discussingadjustmentsin old age. Such educational meetings, combined with an informalsocial hour, may lead workers to think as a group about the period of retirement and thus increase their emotional acceptance of it. In other companiesemployees are interviewed some years before the normal retirement date to indicate the date of retirement, the probable amount of the pension, the pension options available, and to discuss possible future plans. Service may be offered in helping the employee find part-time employment if such employmentis essential. The counseling of workers about available positions outside the plant may be of great service to them. Furthermore, many workers, for whom retirement means retrenchment in living expenses, are in need of help with budgetary,investment, and other financial and economic problems. The success of the preparation of the worker for retirement through periodic interviews will depend to a large extent upon the skill of the interviewer in stimulating the workerto think about the problems of retirement. Besides these planned interviews, which are usually the responsibility of the Industrial Relations Department, other opportunitiesmay be offeredfor a discussion of retirement problems. For example, the visits made to the medical department provide opportunities for counseling by the doctors about retirement problems. In any pre-retirenient counseling, emphasis is usually placed upon stimulating the workerto think of retirementas a change in activity rather than as the end of activity. I37 Hobby showsput on by companiesfor all their workershave sometimes been a stimulusto olderworkersto develophobbies which will be of great interest to them in their retired years. Articles on retirement in the house organ, a dinner for the employee at the time of retirement, service clubs for employees with long service records, a diminishingwork load with increasingtime off as the retirement age approaches, and vocational training for a differentkind of work are all used by companiesin their programs designed to prepare workers for retirement. An increasing number of books dealing with the subject of retirement has been publishedwithin the last few years. Most of these offer suggestionsas to the proper use of time during retirement, with emphasisupon planningretirement, including the enjoyment of leisure, hobbies, travel, and new vocational and avocational interests. Many retired workerswill be happiest if they can perform some kind of useful and remunerative activity. For example,an interesting suggestion for the use of the services of retiredofficialsof bankingand industrial concerns is as counselors to small businesses with young and inexperienced owners. Retired officialscould be on call several times a month on a fee basis. Such counselorsmight be very useful to small businessesin procuringbank loans as well as consulting on financial and This wouldpremanagementproblems.34 vent the economic waste of retiring a trained and competent business executive at sixty-five to completeleisure and would provide great satisfaction to the retired official himself. Some sort of 34 Suggestionmade by Philip S. Shoemaker, of Cleveland, cited in Burroughs, Clearing House, July, I950, pp. 6-7. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I38 THE JOURNALOF BUSINESS communityclearinghouse to bringabout substantialreductionor at no cost. Some contacts between the small business and companieshave an annual free picnic or the retiredofficialwould be necessary. dinner for annuitants. Some maintain a service annuitants clubroomin the plant FOLLOW-UP AFTER RETIREMENT for the use of retiredemployees.The proA company which has carefully se- vision of medical service through the lected its workersfor retirement,tried to company medical department and comprepare them for retirement, and pro- pany visiting nurseis still anotherservice vided a pension benefit during retire- sometimesprovrided retiredworkers.35 for ment can perform a still further funcSUMMARY tion. Contact should be maintainedwith In conclusion, an employer who has retiredworkers,who may be encouraged to comein to discuss their problemswith provideda pensionfor his employeesmay counselors,and a representative of the believe that he has adequately disposed industrial relations department may of the problem of the older worker. Acmakeperiodicvisits. In case of economic tually, he has taken only one step in the hardship,aid may be offered to retired solution of this problem. Employers workersin helpingthem locate part-time should make the age of retirement flexjobs or in granting them financialassist- ible and eliminate the barriers within ance. Any company employee notices pensionplans which may operateagainst and company publications may be sent hiring and retaining older workers.Jobs to retiredworkers.Articles on the activi- should be analyzed on an industry basis ties of pensionersmay be includedin the to determine the skills, physical ability, house organ. Letters from company ex- training, and related factors required. ecutives at periodic intervals, informing Objective tests should be devised to dethem of developmentsof interest in the termine the individual worker'sphysioplant, may be sent with the pension logical and psychologicalage, as well as check. Also Christmasletters and letters his productivity. Plans should be estabof congratulationsor sympathy help to lished for transferof olderworkersto less keep alive the association between the demanding jobs, to allow for part-time retiredworkerand the company.Retired employment, and to retrain workersfor workersmay be invited to company get- jobs better suited to their capacities. A togethers which would be of interest to programof pre-retirementcounselingto them, both social affairs and special help workers prepare for retirement meetings of employees for policy an- should be established. There should be follow-up of those workers who have nouncements. Accordingto the interesting survey of retired. Much of this can be effectively companypre-retirement practicesand of accomplishedby industry on a plant-bypracticesin relation to retiredemployees plant basis. The co-operationof governprepared by Socony-VacuumOil Com- ment, of unions, and of the public is pany, some companies have granted needed, however, if the problems of the honorarylife-membershipsin employee older workerare to be solved. 35Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Employee or company clubs and have continued Service Section, Industrial Relations Department, memberships in company musical or Survey of Pre-retirement Practices (New York, dramaticgroups or other activities at a October,I949), p. 8. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �PENSIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH Within the area of government activity, for example, the development of special facilities within the public employment service to care for the vocational needs of older workers would be very helpful. Arnold S. Askin, in discussing the work of the Federation Employment Service, a free nonsectarian guidance and placement agency devoting its primaryattention to personswho are hard to place, suggests that special facilities within the public employment agency might take the form of a special office for older workers or special staff consultants within each public employment office.36 The Sub-committee on Low Income Families of the Joint Committee on the Economic Report recently recommended: The Joint Committee on the Economic Report request the appropriateGovernment agenciesto study the incidenceand extent of existing restrictions employment of older and workersin Government industry,and report to the Committeeon their findingswith may be regardto ways in whichthese barriers to removedand older workersencouraged remainin productiveemployment.37 I39 partment of Laborin this field,.In an address deliveredon December 3, I949, he commentedas follows: The problem calls for a fundamental reexamination of industry practices regarding the hiring and utilization of older workers. Labor unions and the older workers themselves must be willing to cooperate, as many of them have, in the adoption of a more flexible approach towards the shifting of older employees to jobs for which they are more suited. And we, in the Department of Labor, can cooperate too by making available the facts on how these older workers are actually utilized, their productivity, and the types of work they can best perform. We have had a long-standing interest in the employment problem of older workers, and are committed to assembling as much pertinent data as we can, within the limits of our resources.38 On another occasion he said: We, of the Department of Labor, are especially conscious of the need for much more research into the many facets of these problems. There is a great dearth of current and comprehensive data on a number of key points. We need to know more about the actual practices of employers in hiring and separating older workers, and in reassigning superannuated employees. We require more information on the actual work performance of older people. How does the quantity and quality of their work compare with that of younger people? This kind of information for various industries and occupations could indicate the kinds of work for which older persons are best adapted, and least adapted.39 One of the "appropriategovernment agencies" is the Department of Labor, which has recognized its responsibility for research in this area. Ewan Clague, commissionerof labor statistics, in nuIn the area of union activity, there are merous addresses and articles on probaged worker, has spoken of many labor-management agreements lems of the the need for further researchby the De- which protect the aging worker on the job. Seniority rules offer protection to 36 Arnold S. Askin, "Can We Expand Employworkersin some industries.In the buildment of the Elderly? If So, How?" in New York State Joint Legislative Committee on Problems of ing trades the union contract may rethe Aging, op. cit., p. II 4. 37U.S. Congress, Senate, Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Sub-committee on Low Income Families, Low Income Families and EconomicStability (Senate Doc. No. I46 [8ist Cong., 2d sess.1) (Washington: Government Printing Office, I950), p. I3. 38 Ewan Clague, "The Background of the Pension Problem" (address before the Machinery and Allied Products Institute, Washington, December 3, p. 7. I949), 39 Clague, "Some Industrial Aspects of Aging," p. I0. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions �I40 THE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS quire the employment of an older man foreachfive, seven, or ten journeymenon the job. However, as Clague points out, the senioritysystem, which increasesjob securitywhen a workeris employed,may work to his disadvantage when he is unemployedand looking for a job. The desireof employersto care for their own aging workers may freeze out the older personwho no longer has an employer.40 The co-operationof older workers, of private and public agencies, and of specialists in the field is needed to institute 40Ibid., p. 9. the necessary research in this area and to develop a comprehensiveprogram to meet the needs of older workers. Public education as to the strengths and potentialities of older workersis essential. Certainly, the problem is nation-wide in scope, and its solution goes beyond the efforts of any individual company or union and requires the co-ordinated efforts of all groups in the community. It may well be, however,that the individual company has the basic role to play in contributingto the solution of this pressing and highly significantproblem. This content downloaded from 141.222.2.81 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 14:05:44 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adult and Senior Center of Saratoga Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Edwin Shields Hewitt, "Pensions are Not Enough: The Individual Company and Its Older Workers," The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Apr., 1951), pp. 127-140. University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2349911 Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data journal article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pensions are not enough Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/07466f49e8c0ef0582b10c124b0871c6.jpg fbb5847b73da2d7ea1bf5eb80e9fbc3c Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of Downtown Stillwater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Brookside Collectio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brookside buggy everyday life Photography stillwater store tourism town trolly https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/23ff197116864e9b36e5620b9b0b4787.jpg 4122cca0567db09e7abc93b3f767d545 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Mattie Saulnier Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/5/21 URL https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2017/03/the-origin-of-interstate-87-the-adirondack-northway.html Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of the Northway Description An account of the resource Picture taken of the Northway. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Anthony Hall highways the Northway transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/5278b5c2df5a2aae3e15881b5013b7ba.jpg 8853b7cbe30f6b151328d60fa959b3d4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of the Saratoga Native American Festival in 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saratoga Native American Festival website http://saratoganativefestival.com/schedule-2/ Abstract A summary of the resource. A photo of the Saratoga Native American Festival in 2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Will Kertzman https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/17d89c100ed03cd05be96147036d2ba2.tif f77a9ed2d93dff2e938e2e05b4a0e9db https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/44808193584667b620c5497cf958802c.tif 688d28c57007dcfad48bd8ccbbc1db48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Allie Smith Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. 1834 Theme For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Travel and Tourism Recreation Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Private Collection Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. The 1830's were the first time the railroad came into Saratoga. This image depicts leisurely people in Victorian era dress on the Piazza of Congress Hall in Saratoga. Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 2/27/2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Piazza of Congress Hall, Saratoga Springs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Drawn by C. Burton Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Enraved by T. Illman 19th century hotel illustration Leisure mineral springs print Saratoga Springs tourism https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6309828929a86f4565b4a5c7225a59ed.jpg 79946ee694216ec8abdc1d113a806509 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/e2eedee340ad6603bc92c3c25fe0e15c.png a0953796dfb776ab7d8c9cf06021dfd8 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/4e00d7c6012bb31249b122b0077e1c13.png 9c9058889d387646a3a4f7b184384d86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapping Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1700- Map Cartographic document Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. 1880 Date Depicted (Numeric) Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date." 1880 Date Published (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display. 1880 Date Published (Numeric) Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable. 1880 Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. The map, which appears opposite the title page of the work, is part of a history of Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa published in book form in 1880, but (as the dedication notes) originally appearing in the Saratogian, Saratoga Springs' daily newspaper, in 1874-5. The author, Stone, dedicates his work to the Honorable Charles S. Lester, a judge, and signs himself a "friend and former townsman." The book includes memories, history, and focuses on a range of topic, from graveyards to historical personages, schools, debating clubs, the histories of the Baptist and Presbyterian churches, and an 1832 cholera epidemic. This map is enclosed by Circular Street and Congress street and shows only Congress Park itself. It lists references including Congress Spring, Reservoir, Drinking Fountain, Columbian Spring, Music Pavilion, Cafe, Music Platform, Main Entrance, and Circular St. Entrance Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Private Collection Scope Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches. Property Type For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field. Property maps Site plans Outline maps Theme For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Environment and Conservation Civic Life Property and Development Travel and Tourism Recreation Subject - Details This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map. For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field. Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) City Reservoir (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) Subject - Geographic Library of Congress subject headings. For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs. Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. R. (Zach) Mooring Jordana Dym Related Maps There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here. A similar plan appears in Charles Taintor, <em>Saratoga Illustrated </em>(<a title="Taintor 1884 Saratoga Illustrated Congress Park" href="https://archive.org/stream/saratogaillustra01tain#page/n114/mode/1up">1884 </a>) and (<a title="1900 Taintor Saratoga Illustrated Congress Park" href="https://archive.org/stream/saratogaillustra02tain#page/n166/mode/1up">1900</a>). Creator - Individual Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item. [Stone, William L.] Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 7/24/2014 12/16/2014 URL Library of Congress copy <a title="Reminiscences of Saratoga" href="https://archive.org/details/reminiscencesofs00ston">digitized on the Internet Archive.</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of Congress Spring Park, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. William L. Stone, Reminiscences of Saratoga and Ballston....Illustrated (New York: R. Worthington, 1880). Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available R. Worthington Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 p. l., 451 p. front. (plan) illus., plates 20 cm https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/d565dbcd20281c1de499069f71db446b.JPG 7169ad0586c8e6f07905d91c71cd4dc9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Planning Board Approves Lake Ave. Development, Water Line to Be Extended Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5/17/49 Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/65322976e2ea0bb7c213d35628ea6ea1.JPG 900ecf2d0032defa0f3112a486cfcbf3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Planning Board opposed to housing proposal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12/12/74 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shapiro, Seth Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/37596ce4c2e97845442069a354945154.JPG 4c4440a4289c4c9f68539550b39aa1eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Planning Unit Urges Low-Rent W. Side Housing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5/27/55 Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource Additional safe and sanitary housing of a low-rent character is 'necessary and desirable,' according to the Saratoga Springs Planning Board which, at a recent meeting proposed a second, 75 apartment project on the west side of Broadway, preferably in a location where old and dilapidated structures could be removed. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez Title A name given to the resource Poder y Equilibrio/Power and Balance Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez_2017_1.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Saratoga Race Course, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA Description An account of the resource El vuelo ágil de la libélula y su capacidad de moverse en todas las direcciones destilan una sensación de poder y equilibrio, algo que solo viene con la edad y madurez. Igual que yo tengo poder y equilibrio en mi vida y en mis logros para ir a la dirección correcta. The agile flight of the dragon fly and its ability to move in every direction, distill a sensation of power and balance--something that only comes with age and maturity. The same way that I have enough power and balance in my life and in my achievements, to go in the right direction. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Photograph, JPEG art bilingual Estamos Aqui immigration Latinx race track Saratoga Race Course Spanish https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a0a36b1e4b2db6720be52c5119d633ef.jpg c02ded014d6ef7b5b3cc9b2963d68ce8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Mattie Saulnier Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/5/21 Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.) URL https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/2DEFC327-04CA-4795-935F-329318531371 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Conductor Description An account of the resource Formal portrait of conductor, possibly a member of the Haight family, dressed in Boston & Main railroad uniform. Scribbled note on the back includes " Victory Mills Express" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. W. Gibson, Hoosick Falls Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mattie Saulnier Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Brookside Museum conductor railroad transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/41cbb5653b85b77561eb45b47c822c12.JPG 6e0df890bd8dffac46a68973e2bd5e9a https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/ac2f73e0b7fcbdc3829d66e33c7f6f7e.JPG 8920fd4f158b5105d2bdeab7d8bcc2f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-renewal Saratogians wouldn't recognize their city Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/25/09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bernstein, Andrew J. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Saratogian Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Urban Renewal Description An account of the resource For recent arrivals, it is hard to picture this city without the CVS Plaza on Congress Street, the vast parking lot on High Rock Avenue or the towering mixed use buildings that house The Gap, Talbots and other retail outlets...First started by the federal legislation in the 1960s under President Lyndon B. Johnson, the program aimed to revitalize the core of some of the country's neglected urban centers. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings UrbanRenewal https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/a84715d59234c146f27da82d7e12d1d0.jpg 633192f6f7607a1124c04272bf6c59c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Mattie Saulnier Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 6/5/21 Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.) URL <a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/1E96980A-E06B-443E-AF09-454931592154">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/1E96980A-E06B-443E-AF09-454931592154</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource President Taft on boat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Description An account of the resource President Taft on board a cruising boat on Lake Champlain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jesse Sumner Wooley Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Brookside Museum https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/04438c9ea069dfa32df9a0353acfab8b.JPG a5e8847eea65dbdd7b8501454de6cf23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Principles of Doc class at work Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 26, 2016 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/2329b2fc0d523c28039a2eb36d600f06.png 5fc7389e20e18f73ef9edd304ddb0371 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professor and students https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0d80157025b3c3128d27ae10d8b2ae89.png b1b4cd4652f518cdd7dc17529bfb7cb8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Program closing article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The New York Times https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/8d9cb5b200c708d531457320d278714c.jpg f7904a7a94547229fd8038bfed26c6a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapping Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1700- Map Cartographic document Creator - Individual Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item. Cramer, L.H., C.E. Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. 1800s Date Depicted (Numeric) Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date." 18xx Date Published (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display. 1800s Date Published (Numeric) Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable. 18xx Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. This map depicts the property of Frank Leslie near the edge of Saratoga Lake. Based on information known about Leslie, we can assume that this map was published in the latter half of the 1800s. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. The City Archives (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) Scope Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches. Property Type For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field. Property maps Color maps Theme For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Property and Development Subject - Details This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map. For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field. Cedar Bluff Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) Compass rose Subject - Geographic Library of Congress subject headings. For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs. Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake) Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) Subject - Name Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first. For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible. Leslie, Frank Scale The scale of the item (if known) 1 inch to 50 feet Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Deirdre Schiff Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 6/17/2014 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Property of Frank Leslie Near Cedar Bluff Hotel & Lake Saratoga Frank Leslie lake property https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/24fa2675cd1992eeb308a4998747c825.pdf 8921cddcf0a1d0676f448148f2386f16 PDF Text Text ���������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapping Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1700- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Brochure Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Private Collection Creator - Organization Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map). H.A. Manning Company The Wyndham Press, Inc. The National Survey Company Theme For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Cities and Towns Environment and Conservation Travel and Tourism Recreation Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Allie Smith Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 10/10/2014 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proposed New England Super-Highway connecting New York and three Northern New England states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 ca automobile boosterism History Maine maps New Hampshire road map roads Saratoga Springs tourism travel https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/8997234c864fa71e2191e1dc562931bf.jpg bc6829bbf1e05e79a767ba7c5c33257a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public History Class Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 2019 Nursing public history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/182032eb5e97f1dcbd7e173a63593474.jpg 2a5e2d65c0f01e2e157008103ea2d881 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public History Class Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 2019 Nursing public history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/8258415beb5efd1acf54e8b37347b0ae.jpg e9122a719692b39490b10f122664fba8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public History Class Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 2019 Nursing public history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/10fab164413ba4358088f16aa83b60ed.jpg 45ffcb8b48405b5eb70d663bb798e478 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Brookside Museum Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 1968 Publisher Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears. Brookside Museum Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource R.J. Esmond's Farm Residence https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/ca6e666d23e616f97755ae00e2632396.jpg fef512edce9063b93a4631f437f5b657 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Brookside Museum Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 1982 Publisher Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears. Brookside Museum Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Racetrack https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/608c742037b07ba5625e19f4749c1adf.jpg c6ba55961caef8e92caf5856cf3389cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Zack Kouli Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 9 May 2021 Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.) URL Brookside Museum, <a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/2B199D6E-4BB1-4830-823E-220886546766">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/2B199D6E-4BB1-4830-823E-220886546766</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Railroad Station Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 Description An account of the resource Postcard of The Ballston Spa Railroad Station in 1903.. https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/eb84bb2f882d892082268c7402aae0ef.jpg 842f45e0aa6ec4711966cea2db440f3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Railroads grew with Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ND Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saratoga Sketches Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Community Development Office Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Transportation Description An account of the resource Architecture is the direct result of the growth of a city. Each structure built in Saratoga Springs is a response to the changing economy and the expansion of a city. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/3f0094f16691c5f47fe7b4b82b1f2ff1.jpg ba9cc216fb7d16ed7c9a167557e445ef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Map Cartographic document Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Jillian Seigel Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 43270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Railroads That Served Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ND Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nestle, P.M. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Saratoga Springs Subject The topic of the resource Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text EnvironmentalJustice SaratogaSprings transportation https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/b4f493d322fb53d53350d115432f846d.jpg 08f645048ac2169b988afeaf90d49038 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Randy Abreu, '11 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 4, 2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dorothea Trufelman, '16 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0b179e93a2b299b90cba5833d9f05c3b.mp3 1b38b2b7a436a9443d690d394312c6d4 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/9b132b9aca681a587491145bbd0638c1.docx 80a8dcb3e9ead00f78cc4d3d203b1a11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. This collection offers a glimpse into our past in the voices of those who have shared their stories. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Rebecca Zosia Stern '16 Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Randy Abreu '11 Location The location of the interview Skidmore College Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Rebecca Stern, '16 Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 04/06/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Randy Abreu '11 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 4, 2016 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Audio, Photo Language A language of the resource English (eng,) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stern, Rebecca Zosia, '16 alumni Bronx reunion weekend SGA Skidmore College Skidmore Green student government https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/89b74f0987d7e35a72d75a0288c331ec.jpg 7c11db7addd396c363873ef9273f68b3 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6f61a018a3ff61bb15441bbf9790369c.jpg e9bb937eb4a31aec456e7d3556e35baa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data postcard Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Allie Smith Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Private Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recreation Unit and Pool, Saratoga Spa, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 20th century mineral springs mineral water postcard public health Saratoga Spa State Park tourism travel Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Josué C. Soto Title A name given to the resource Recuerdo de mi Infancia/Memories of my Childhood Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Josue C Soto_2017_2.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Saratoga National Historical Park, Stillwater, NY, USA Description An account of the resource Hermosos atardeceres me trae a mi mente, cuando la caída del sol penetraba los pastizales crecidos haciéndome sentir la felicidad de estar viviendo al aire libre. Beautiful sunsets come to mind, when the fall of the sun passed through the fields of grass reminding me of the happiness of living outdoors. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Photograph, JPEG art bilingual Estamos Aqui immigration Latinx Spanish https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/999aa52ef404cd22861ac6a513956d9d.JPG 793a2bae514ee97147c1df0f7a77cec2 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/0d75a3377679886fbe0b2b5cab97de66.JPG 3b39aa8b46f9e9612b9c009b7d1d89d4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mariana Urista Barrera Title A name given to the resource Recuerdos de la Ausencia/Memories of Absence Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Mariana Urista Barrera_2017_2.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Saratoga Race Course, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA Description An account of the resource Siempre que recorro mi camino miro que todo cambia, el tiempo no perdona, aún hay ausencias de las sonrisas, de los abrazos de las lágrimas de los seres que ya no están; solo los recuerdos quedan en mi mente y en mi corazón.   Whenever I look back on my life’s journey, I see that everything changes, time does not forgive, there is still the absence of smiles, of hugs, of tears from my loved ones that are no longer here; only the memories are left in my mind and in my heart. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Photograph, JPEG art bilingual Estamos Aqui immigration Latinx race track Saratoga Race Course Spanish Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez Title A name given to the resource Recuerdos/Memories Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez_2017_2.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Congress Park, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA Description An account of the resource Sepan que la vida en este país no es fácil, paso momentos agradables y desagradables, es difícil estar solo extrañando a mi familia en todo lo que hago, pienso en mis amigos y al final me quedo con el momento en que regrese a mi país y la felicidad completa que estará ahí para mí. You should know that life in this country is not easy, I go through nice and not so nice times, it’s hard to be alone missing my family in everything I do, I think of my friends, and in the end I cling to the moment that I’ll return to my country and how complete happiness will be there waiting for me. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Photograph, JPEG art bilingual Estamos Aqui immigration Latinx race track Saratoga Race Course Spanish Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ceyla Guadalupe Macedo Soto Title A name given to the resource Reflejo del Kiosco/The Kiosk’s Reflection Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Ceyla Guadalupe Macedo Soto_2017_1.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Subject The topic of the resource Congress Park, Saratoga Springs, NY Description An account of the resource El reflejo en el agua aprecia tu apariencia física, si te tomas el tiempo para mirar con más detenimiento te darás cuenta que, todo interior contiene riquezas que a simple vista no puedes apreciar. The reflection in the water appreciates your physical appearance, if you take the time to look more closely you will realize that, everything within contains riches that cannot be appreciated with the naked eye. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Digital Photograph, JPEG art bilingual Estamos Aqui immigration Latinx race track Saratoga Race Course Spanish https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/c2b0284acf878b748da0d111f9b974d9.jpg 7254390baf8e076b16e4c2d8bc8ec354 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Mattie Saulnier Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/5/21 URL http://alcohistory.blogspot.com/2007/06/rensselaer-saratoga-railroad-steam_09.html Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rensselaer & Saratoga Locomotive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1868 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mattie Saulnier locomotive railroad rensselaer https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/fd22abbf2dec4be3a9fa94714f4b4db3.jpg 3d614f426ce070088a45a16e71039534 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. This collection offers a glimpse into our past in the voices of those who have shared their stories. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Dym, Jordana Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 22/02/2019 Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. 3 March 2016 Date Depicted (Numeric) Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date." 03/03/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retiree Memory Project - Interviewing Photo. Renato Donato interviews Leo Geoffrion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2016 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived SSMP Subject The topic of the resource oral history SSMP https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/b864265d4b37c6e75c9d1a84863cea47.JPG caca2d737445b223b07c0dadacdf7190 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reunion Weekend 2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1st, 2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Scope Magazine Nursing public history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/dc445f212bee424fa01bff16079a3dc5.JPG 7a0ed74759e2d0f337357378abd8ed5c Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reunion Weekend Compassionate Hands Presentation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1st, 2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Scope Magazine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scope Magazine Nursing public history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/8440d5248503a7347edf893e1f536862.png 687d8506e5f43c7594625b5186af0013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/7/2021 Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. August 1935 Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. Bicycle - Rickshaw - Saratoga - Town - Historical Society of Saratoga Springs - Health - Wellness URL https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/Historical-photos-Saratoga-Springs-through-the-1469618.php#photo-1121838 Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Miles Herman Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rickshaws in Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1935 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The George S. Bolster Collection of the Historical Society of Saratoga Springs. Photo 247 of 291 in "Historical Photos: Saratoga Springs through the years." https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/Historical-photos-Saratoga-Springs-through-the-1469618.php#photo-1121987 Description An account of the resource "An August 1935 photo. For a couple of years, people could take Rickshaw rides around town." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.B. Settle, photographer https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/bfbe682037fe4acede9f05604082c6ce.tif 3a84386cf994c059ddcaa05f7a18de44 https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/6b5b3d64aa689bf9d1594e95365233c9.tif ea3ee9bda1c742daa766df93e87830fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga Springs History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1706- Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Allie Smith Publisher Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears. Dean Color Place of Publication The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication. Glens Falls, N.Y. 12801 Theme For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project. Travel and Tourism Repository Name of the repository that holds the original item. Private Collection Date Depicted (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display. After 1967 Date Published (Display) Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display. After 1967 Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 2/27/2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rip Van Dam Motel Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dean Color Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dexter Press, Inc. 20th century automobile downtown lodging motel Saratoga Springs tourism travel urban history https://ssmp.skidmore.edu/files/original/ee604d6390d4f2b8f5877b85498f59e2.png bef045604fdfcf2ce868440f35f8bc2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saratoga County Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data color photo Record Creation Date Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit 5/6/2021 URL https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/9BA9E4A1-C3C7-4971-A9E1-445047159589 Record Contributor Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it. Miles Herman Abstract (& Historical Note) Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given. Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field. Roosevelt Baths - balneology - hydrotherapy - public bathhouses - physical rehabilitation - President Franklin Roosevelt - Saratoga Spa State Park - Gideon Putnam Resort and Spa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roosevelt Bathhouse and Spa in Saratoga Springs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society Description An account of the resource "Part of the New York owned Saratoga Spa Reservation which makes available to the pulbic the unusual health-giving qualities of the mineral water which Saratoga Springs is so famous for." (Brookside Museum Description) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ray Supply Inc., Glens Falls, Malone, Plattsburgh, NY