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                    <text>Interview with Nora Steele '69 by Grace Heath '19, COMPASSIONATE HANDS:
Skidmore’s Nursing Program, 2019.
GRACE HEATH [00:00:00]: So if you could just start by stating your name and your class
year.
NORA STEELE [00:00:03]: I'm Nora Steele. I'm Nursing class of '69.
GH [00:00:08]: So, what drew you to Skidmore in particular?
NS [00:00:12]: Well, I always wanted to be a nurse from the time I was like four or five years old.
But when it came time to pick a college, I wasn't picking a college, I wanted to go to a
nursing school. And my father made it very clear that I had to go to a baccalaureate
program. I couldn't go to our local diploma program. And this was, this was even in advance
of some of the national publicity. But, and Skidmore had one of the best reputations. It was
like one of the top ten Nursing programs in the country. And I came to visit Skidmore and I
fell in love and I said, 'okay, this is where I want to go.' And my guidance counselor in high
school said, 'Well, you have to apply to another school. You can't just apply into Skidmore
College.' And I said, 'That's the only place I'm going to go.' And so, of course, the rejection
letter from the other school came first, and I took it back to him and he said, 'No, no, no, no,
no, no, no.' It was a clerical error from the other school. But a week later, I got my
acceptance from Skidmore, and that was, in like Flynn. And Skidmore was a kind of a
perfect, a really good place for me. I made some really good friends here. The Nursing
students were spread out across the whole old campus. Some of us were in dorm rooms;
some of us were in the old houses. And we kind of got to know each other and then went to
New York City.
GH [00:01:54]: So backtracking a bit, what was it that made you interested in nursing? Was anyone
in your family involved in medicine or?
NS [00:02:04]: My mother wanted to be a nurse, but her father wouldn't let her because it wasn't
something that a debutante did. That was not, but when it came time during the war, she was
a, the housemother for the nurses. And so, she had kind of a nursing interest.
GH [00:02:23]: Yeah.
NS [00:02:24]: So it was just, I wanted to be a nurse.
GH [00:02:30]: So, what was the structure of the program like when you got to Skidmore?
NS [00:02:34]: At the time, it was a, it's like a two, it's almost a two plus two. We spent the first
year on the main campus, the first summer in New York with some really basic, and at the
time, we lived in the medical student dorm. And then the second year we were in
Fahnestock Hall. So, they found a dorm for us that was just nursing. And we had both our
classes and our dorm rooms were all in the same building. Then we had the second summer
off, so the summer right in the middle. And that was what, the time it was set up so in New
York State, you could get licensed as an LPN, which meant some of us could work starting
then and get a hands-on nursing experience a lot more than we can get just school year. So,
some of our learning got to be much more meaningful. I did the LPN and I went to work at
the hospital where I was going to go to their diploma program. But I went back and I, I
worked as an LPN for the summer and then our third semester was in New York City, was
full nursing curriculum. And then our summer after, between our junior and senior year was

�also in New York City. And then we came back to the main campus for the fourth year.
Now, I did something not really smart. I spent my Christmas money working as an LPN, and
a group of us went to Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands.
NS [00:04:22]: And I was hitchhiking with British sailors, and I was in an accident, and I broke my
ankle.
[00:04:31]: Oh, my gosh.
[00:04:31]: So I was now six, six weeks, it was spring break. We had six weeks of clinical and then
summer. And then I could come up here and I could do all the classes here on crutches, but I
couldn't be a nurse in the city on crutches. So, the faculty were incredibly flexible with me
and they let me sit in on all the theory classes and do all the theory exams. I just couldn't do
the patient care and the same thing. And the summer program, we just picked something that
didn't involve direct patient care at the summer time. So, I did some things that were related
to direct patient care that I had previously given. And so, it was, but the faculty worked with
me and my classmates to let me finish the program. So as soon as I was off crutches, which
didn't happen until after they all graduated in October, I came back, went back to New York
City for six weeks and I did my clinical so I finished everything in 1969, but they didn't let
me walk across the stage until 1970.
GH [00:05:53]: No.
NS [00:05:55]: But that was, it was okay. I had, I got my nursing degree and they had been, I mean,
they individualized what I needed. And we had an outstanding faculty. I didn't realize at the
time, and I've kind of looked back. I am now, I've got a doctorate in nursing. And so, I've
been looking at, okay, were the Skidmore faculty involved with the professional nurse’s
organization? Were they publishing? Did they do this? Did they do? And I never had a sense
of that as a student at all. All I know is they knew, they knew the topics they were teaching,
and when I needed something individualized, they set it up. So, it worked for me.
GH [00:06:48]: Yeah. So, going more to the New York City aspects of the program, seems to be a
pretty big part of it. So, if you could just talk a little bit more about just your experience and
going back after leaving, like you were saying and just what was that like being in New
York City?
NS [00:07:07]: Well, part of training as a nurse, you need to have experience in every type of
nursing. And Saratoga Springs doesn't exactly give you the opportunity to have experience
in every type of nursing. So, the faculty at Skidmore had the vision to work out an
arrangement with New York University. So, we had clinicals with New York University and
then we took advantage. The, now the faculty are New York City nurses and they know the
kinds of things that are available. So, we worked with the VA Hospital for psych experience
and we worked with the Visiting Nurses Association and the New York Public Health
Nurses to do, or public health nurses, and then for our obstetric, they went to the hospital
where they did most, most of the deliveries in the area. So, it was really, really worked out.
We didn't do much with Bellevue, which is the big, because they had their own nursing
program and they had an affiliation with Hunter where they were doing some things, so
Skidmore didn't do anything with Bellevue. I did get to do some stuff with Bellevue because
my patient from public health had to go to Bellevue. So, I had some indirect experience. But
we did things in the neighborhood, in the neighborhood where we were kind of, where the
dorm was and it was all New York University Hospital.

�GH [00:08:50]: What was the, what was the living situation like in your city, being housed with all
the other women in your program? Right? Is that how it was set up?
NS [00:09:00]: Yeah. It, it was, it was fine. I didn't, we had some interesting, exciting experiences
with our elevator operator and the bathing facilities weren't that exciting, but and it wasn't
really clean. I know I had, in the medical student dorm, it was very much like the dorms
here. It was not, and we had two people in one room and then one person in another. But
then we went to Fahnestock Hall and that was generally one person per room or two people
in one room and they have another, but that Fahnestock Hall also had a kitchen. So when we
were in Fahnestock Hall, we didn't have any meal service, so we got to do our own meals, or
we'd go out to eat. So, we all had, like, little bar stoves, and there was a, after my accident
when I was on crutches, going up and down the stairs and cooking and going out to eat, it
did create some interesting experiences, but my classmates made sure I ate a balanced meal
once a day. And there was someone who cooked regularly in the kitchen and they said 'come
down to eat with us.' And that worked out really, really well for me.
GH [00:10:30]: Yeah. So then going back to Skidmore after having this more, this different
experience in New York City, what was that transition like coming back?
NS [00:10:44]: The, we had kind of anticipated, I was on the, the newspaper, the newspaper staff
when I was a freshman. I got some, and then I did, I was the liaison when I was in the city.
So, coming back, I knew I was going to work for the newspaper. So, I kind of just fit right
back in there. And our dorm rooms, when we picked out who we wanted to be close to.
GH [00:11:11]: Yeah.
NS [00:11:12]: And the suite I was in, there was all nurses. But the classes were all mixed, and
again, I was on crutches, so I was probably not as involved in some of the things as I might
have been otherwise.
GH [00:11:27]: Yeah.
NS [00:11:27]: Oh, and we were at Kimball Hall.
GH [00:11:30]: Oh, yeah.
NS [00:11:32]: Yeah.
GH [00:11:32]: What kind of classes, then, were you taking senior year? After your…
NS [00:11:37]: We had to take a lot of our liberal arts. Our freshman year was pretty much the core,
the English and psychology, biology, chemistry. So senior year we got to do the kind of
things we wanted to do to flesh out our liberal arts background. So, I took art appreciation
and 19th century art and two political science courses, and then we had our nursing seminar.
And those are the only courses I remember. But, yeah.
GH [00:12:20]: So, then what was your path like after Skidmore? What kind of, what did you do, I
guess, after graduation?
NS [00:12:30]: After graduation, I started working as an RN, and I went home to my house to
where my parents were, and then I was engaged to be married after our graduation in June.
So, I knew I arranged for a job where he was living in North Carolina, but I wanted to work

�until I went down there. So, I finished school in October. I got my RN license. I went to
Strong in Rochester and said, 'I'm an RN, I'll work for, for two or three months here if you'll,
if you have a position for me.' So they hired me and paid me and I worked like 11 to 7,
something really exciting. And then I went to North Carolina and I worked in the position
that I wanted to, which was nursery.
GH [00:13:21]: Oh, okay.
NS [00:13:23]: And then I went to New Orleans. When I applied for a job there, I got, I was not as
educated as or as picky as I should have been. But they said the only position they had, I
wanted a job that was on the public transportation system from where we were living. And
so, I got the job they offered me was med surg, head nurse.
GH [00:13:50]: What was that?
NS [00:13:51]: I was a brand-new graduate, you know, I'm trying to graduate with only experiences
in LPN as the head nurse on a med surg unit when she's applying for OB Pedes, outpatient.
Yeah, because that was where my love was. But I took the job, and I fulfilled the
responsibilities with the help of the in-service education people and the chaplain, because I
had some fun experiences there.
GH [00:14:24]: Yeah. Oh.
NS [00:14:26]: And six months later, the position I really wanted opened up. And Pris, who was
one of my college roommates met the head nurse from the OB Peds clinic at a conference in
Wisconsin, and they had a position as she was leaving. And so, she called me and said, 'you
know, the position that you want is coming vacant,' and so I went to talk to the supervisor.
GH [00:14:57]: Yeah.
NS [00:14:57]: And she said, 'Yeah, I need you.' But that was because of Skidmore contacts, which
it's a really small world.
GH [00:15:08]: Very much so.
NS [00:15:09]: It's a really small world.
GH [00:15:10]: Yeah. So how long were you in that job for then?
NS [00:15:18]: Four year, four years. I mean, I did the, the job, and then I got promoted to head
nurse, and then I got promoted to supervisor. So, I stayed with that agency for about four
years. And then I was offered a position at the university to teach, so I started my master's
degree.
GH [00:15:39]: Okay.
NS [00:15:40]: And, and teaching.
GH [00:15:43]: Nice, so I guess, one of the last questions I have is, what was your reaction to
hearing about the closing of the program?
NS [00:15:56]: Anger and frustration. It was like for why? It's one of the best programs in the

�country. How come? It's not fair. They need to continue it. It didn't make any sense.
GH [00:16:10]: Yeah.
NS [00:16:14]: It was obviously something I didn't have any control over, and, and it happened.
GH [00:16:20]: Yeah. So then just looking back at your time at Skidmore, how do you, I guess just
how, how do you look back on that now, those experiences after all these years of, you
know, being in this field?
NS [00:16:39]: It's, it's incredible. I didn't realize when I was going through the program. What a
solid foundation I was getting in both nursing and, and life.
GH [00:16:56]: Yeah.
NS [00:16:57]: Yeah, and it, it's some of the same things talked about in the award ceremony today.
It's like when you look back and you go, 'wow,' you know. I think part of it has to do with
the, the people who come to Skidmore have just a broad spectrum of experiences. When you
look at the different countries people come from. I mean, in my dorm freshman year, I had
somebody who had been a runner up from Ms. America and somebody else who had grown
up primarily in India and in the Foreign Service. And you put those people kind of in the
same environment and they find things in common.
GH [00:17:50]: Yeah.
NS [00:17:51]: And it provides you with a real solid base of working with people.
GH [00:17:57]: Yeah. Well, I think I can stop the...

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                    <text>li-;q

'l '?+9'

fal-,'. {4*'r''-,

Samuel J. Mott, Saratoga
Engineersiirce 1893, Deacl
CureerEn"ds
Samuel

J.

Mot

city engineer,
*tlr""'""tttt""t'

ins profession uPstate, died last
niEirt at the Saratoga HosPital
after a brief illness.
Mr. Mott was village engineer
with his father, the late Jesso S.
Mott, from 1893 until his father's
death in 1913, when he continued
as village engineer and became
city engineer at the tlme the pres-

|1

,

"

J

iProminent Enginegr
ir

I

, Samuel J. Mott Blilt Hydro-ElecfricI
'
Plsnt ffiffian
ManufacI
j
i
turing c'r4pany.

I eni charter was adoPted.in 1916.
In recent Years he had also been
in charge of the citY WPA Projects.
Born In Dcan's Corners
IIe was born in Dean's Corners
Feb. 22, 1869. He rvas educated st
Yates Saratoga Institute in North
Broadway, this city, and received
his engineering tlaining in appren,ticeship to his father, who rvas
II'
the late L
associated with
Cramer in the flrm of Cramer &amp;
Mott. Upon the withdrawal of Mr.
'Cramer
in 1892 Samuel J. Mott
'became bis father's
Partner in the
ffrm of J. S' Mott &amp; Son.
' As
and constructiolt
designer
engineer Mr. yott was connectecl
\yith many pi"ojects in lilorthern
Nerv York over a long term of
years. In 1892 he built the Sara'
He
rnac and Lake Placid Bailroad.
designed and constructed the Corinth sewage system and treatment
rplant. in 1904 and rvas in charge
ro! the constl'uction of the Saratoga
disPosal
sewage
Plant
Spfings
under Snow &amp; Barbour in 1902.
IIe was resident representative of
,Nicholas S. tIill, consulting engineer, during the construction of
the modern waterworks sY6te6 ilr
thi! cltY tn 1e36' t)^1
q Q
Surve]'ed Raccway VAI*'
'
Mr. Mott surveYed the grounds
and did a major Portion of the
and. engineering for
Llayout wolk
harness
Sarptog;a RacewaY
tle
'tfgck
bullt here two Years ego.
yearb ho had -been a
F6t'nrany
corriultant with.ofticials of the Sary
over
Association
Racing
atoga
at
track and engineeling )g,olli9t
the t'acecourse.
I 7
Y/r,
.
c
I over a long pef iod h0 \va.s- nSl\[anufaci neer for the American
I turin8 Co. at Victory Mills and

tl-J^171

a Not/, l+-S--rF

seliunr,

J. }IOTT

built the hydro-electlic plant there. I I
His advice was frequently sought l.
on engineering ploblems throughout Northern Nerv York, where his
integrity of chalacter and ability
as an engineer were widely recogn ized.
I{r. Mott was a }fason, and a
the
Plesbytilian
member
of
Chul'ch, tbe Old Guard AsspciatioB
of Company L and' the Tt'i-CountY
Chapter of the New York State
Society ef Prgfessional . Engineers.

I{e .b survived bv his wife and *
. -.^;
sister, Mlss. Cira- E.-NelL.
The funeral rvill .be.';!g_ldFetaurl

day at 2 p.m. at the late lesidence, | |
157 Spling St. The Rev.. Reuben lt

of
Saratoga
Samuel J. Mott,
''d'
Via"ty*tio*tfr'
engineer of
;Springsf
upper New York state, and a promi,nent figure in this vicinity over a
;long period when he acted as engineer
the - American Manufacturing
ifor
lcompany a't Victory Mills, died ThursI day night in the Saratoga hospital,
I
lf ollowing a brief ,illness. 'r.He was
I born in Deans Corners, February 22,
| 1869.
I Mr. Mott was a designer and cone;rgineer. He wae connectlstruction 'manf
led with
brajects in northern
I New York over &amp; long term of years.
lHe built the Saranaq and I,ake Placid
I railroad, designed . and constructed
Ithe,Corinth sewage.system and treatlment plant, and was in charge of the
l.construction of thb Saratoga Springs
I sewage disposal plant in 1902.
I Mr. Mott sulveyed the grounds and
ldid a major por,tion.ofl the layout
I work and engineering for the SaraItoga Raceway harness track buil.t at
lblie Spa two years ago.
I As engineer for the Arnerican Manthe
I ufacturing company, he built
lhydro-electric plant. At bhe time of
lhis death, he was city engineer of
l Saratoga Springs.
I The funeral took place at the late
lresidence .in Saratoga'Springs Satlurday afternoon. Burial was in the
Greenrid8e cemetery.
I
I

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              <text>Allie Smith &#13;
Allie Smith </text>
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          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
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&#13;
For maps:  (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. &#13;
&#13;
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
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American Manufacturing Company (Victory Mills, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga and Lake Placid R.R. (N.Y.)&#13;
Yates Saratoga Institute (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
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J.S. Mott &amp; Son (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
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&#13;
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          <name>Subject - Name</name>
          <description>Names of individuals associated with the item.  Last name first.&#13;
&#13;
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.</description>
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Mott, Samuel J.</text>
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                <text>Out in the cold: Lack of low-cost housing keeps people on streets</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Powers, Mary Caroline</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>The Saratogian</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Urban Renewal</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In Saratoga Springs, the Queen of the Spas, a lack of low-income housing and no emergency shelters force people on to the streets.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1700-</text>
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          <name>Creator - Individual</name>
          <description>Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.</description>
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              <text>Murphy &amp; Kren Planning Associates Inc.</text>
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          <name>Related Item</name>
          <description>If the item is a part of a book or a manuscript or archival collection, that should be noted here. Think of this field as the "parent item" or "parent collection". Entries in this field should generally be written as full citations.</description>
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              <text>1970 Core Area Development Map, 1971 Core Area Development Map</text>
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          <name>Date Depicted (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
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              <text>1971</text>
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          <name>Date Depicted (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
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              <text>1971</text>
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          <name>Date Published (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.</description>
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              <text>1971</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Date Published (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
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              <text>1971</text>
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          <name>Caption</name>
          <description>This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.</description>
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              <text>Core Area, May 1970, adopted by February 1971 &#13;
Outer Area Map, Revised June 17, 1971 and adopted by the City Council on July 7, 1971.  (colored)</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Related Maps</name>
          <description>There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.</description>
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              <text>1970 and 1971 Core Area Development Maps</text>
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          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
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              <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
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              <text>Property and Development</text>
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          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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              <text>Jordana Dym&#13;
Emily Sloan</text>
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          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
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              <text>12/2/2014</text>
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          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
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              <text>In 1970, the City Planning Board worked with Murphy &amp; Kren Planning Associates, Inc. on a map and report for the New York State Department of Commerce Bureau making recommendations for a 20-year development plan that identified Cady Hill and the area by I-87 as places to grow industry, and Geyser Crest and the West Side as targets for residential development. This plan, financially aided by federal and state funds, was adopted by the city council in February 1971.&#13;
&#13;
This map includes more kinds of land use than in 1937 (seasonal, high and medium density residential, commercial; industrial; parks; public/semi-public; track), but the overall thrust is the same. The Murphy &amp; Kren map highlights development interests beyond Broadway’s axis and the corporation line “inner” district and the report underlines the need for schools to be integrated in new neighborhoods.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Outer Area Zoning Map and Core Area Zoning Map</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1970</text>
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                <text>Murphy &amp; Kren Planning Associates Inc.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A zoning map of Saratoga Springs' core and outer areas.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Murphy &amp; Kren Planning Associates Inc.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>City of Saratoga Springs City Planning Board</text>
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          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>This planning map shows that city planners in Saratoga Springs continued to focus on development and expansion throughout the 1970s. The map intends to draw businesses and investors into the area.</text>
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            <name>Bibliographic Citation</name>
            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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                <text>“Outer Area Zoning Map and Core Area Zoning Map,” Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project, accessed March 23, 2015, http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/items/show/160.</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
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        <name>map</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Saratoga Springs History</text>
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              <text>Allie Smith</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>postcard</text>
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          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
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                <text>Over the Water Jump, Saratoga Race Track, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Patricia Loftman '71 by Skidmore Student [Unknown],
COMPASSIONATE HANDS: Skidmore’s Nursing Program, 2019.
SKIDMORE STUDENT [00:00]: Could you start by saying your name and your class year?
PATRICIA LOFTMAN [00:02]: My name is Patricia Loftman. I graduated in 1971.
SS [00:10]: Okay. And, where were you from before you decided to attend Skidmore’s Nursing
program.
PL [00:15]: Where did I attend high school?
SS [00:17]: Where were you born? Where did you grow up?
PL [00:19]: Oh, where was I born. Oh, my family immigrated to the US from Jamaica in the
Caribbean. When I was about eight years old, actually my, my parents were here in the
state, I was raised by my grandparents in Jamaica.
SS [00:36]: And where did you move to, when you moved to the states?
PL [00:40]: Oh, we moved to Washington, D.C. where my dad was attending dental school at
Howard University.
SS [00:48]: Okay. did your family, so your dad was a dentist, did other family members have a
background in medicine and nursing?
PL [00:55]: No, he's actually the only one who has, any, any background in the healthcare field,
everybody else is in other industries.
SS [01:06]: And so, what was your educational background before you joined the program? Like
did you, did you work before? Did you, go to school?
PL [01:17]: Eventually we migrated to New York where I went to school, completed middle
school and high school in the Bronx. In New York City.
SS [01:30]: And did you always know you wanted to be a nurse? What drew you to the program?
PL [01:36]: Well, when I entered Skidmore in 1966, my plan was to go into medicine. I entered
as a pre-med major, completed my first year. My first year went fairly well, by the end.
By the beginning of my sophomore year there was just something about the socialization
into medicine that was just not appealing. And I began to look at other avenues and it
seemed that nursing, would be more cognizant with who I was as an Individual and in
terms of my interactions with human beings. So, I transferred my premed credits into
nursing.
SS [02:25]: And what about Skidmore, why did you choose here over other programs?

�PL [02:30]: Actually, I didn't choose Skidmore. There were, the 60s was a very interesting time
politically. It was very, very difficult for African Americans to get a decent quality
education, especially in colleges and universities. And at that time, it was in the middle of
the height of the civil rights era and there was a move to integrate a lot of the colleges
and universities as a way for students of color, specifically African Americans to gain
access to higher education. And at the time, a lot of the Ivy League schools were
beginning to open up their doors and Skidmore was one of them. And so, my guidance
counselor in high school actually chose it for me. My family didn't know anything about
it. I didn't know anything about Skidmore, didn't know where Skidmore was, didn't know
anything about it, but he thought it would be good for me. So, he chose it and I was
accepted and I went.
SS [03:28]: Wow, that’s got to be kind of intimidating, to go somewhere that you don’t know
about at all and pretty far from home.
PL [03:35]: It was. It was very intimidating.
SS [03:39]: So, what was it like being in the program? What was it like being part of that new
generation of women and people of color who were allowed to be in these programs?
What was that like?
PL [03:52]: It was, it actually was very, very traumatic and very painful. At the time, in 1966,
Skidmore was an all-women's college. It was a small liberal arts college. One of those
seven sister schools that you, you may or may not have heard about that existed at that
time. It would have included Skidmore, Bryn Mawr, Smith, those kinds of schools. And
Skidmore was somewhat smaller. If my memory serves me correct, there were less than
2000 women on campus and of those 2000 only, there were only seven students of color
and they were actually all African Americans. My incoming freshman class had the
largest number, four of us came in. There was one sophomore, her name was Linda
Taliaferro. She has since passed away. There was one junior and one senior. So, it was
very, very isolating actually.
SS [04:53]: Did you find it was difficult to socialize and be a member - did you not feel much
like a member of the community?
PL [05:00]: No, we really were not. We were not welcomed. As a matter of fact, the four of us
really stuck together for our own emotional health and sanity. At that time, because they
were unisex schools, the surrounding male schools such as Williams and Wesleyan, they
were all male at the time. So, by noon on Fridays, the campus was deserted because
everyone had transportation alternatives that we didn't have. This was our first exposure
to money and to wealth and to privilege, and to power. And we were not prepared for that
at all. So, by noon on Friday, there was this huge campus and we were the only ones on it
because everybody was gone. So, it was not, it was not a good time. It was not a good
time for us.

�SS [05:57]: I’m so sorry that that was your experience. Yeah, I mean I can't fathom because I
have not been in that position, but I believe that that must've been so awful and painful
and I'm just thankful that you are willing to talk to me about it. So, thank you so much.
So, um, in terms of academics, what was the course load like? What were the classes that
you are taking for the nursing program?
PL [06:26]: So, the curriculum for the nursing program was your standard curriculum that you
would find in any nursing program then and today. I have to say in retrospect, because
I've always wondered what my preparation was like academically compared to others. I
can say that Skidmore prepared me extremely well. I mean, I still remember my faculty. I
remember Doris Diller. I remember Jean, what was Jean's last name? I don't remember
her name, but I remember my faculty, they were absolutely wonderful. We had a rigorous
course of study and I think that it, I think academically it most definitely prepared me
quite well.
SS [07:14]: Um, do you have any memories about Agnes Gelinas?
PL [07:15]: She, I think she was before me. I know the name, but I never had her.
SS [07:20]: Okay. Yeah, I can't remember when she retired. It might've been ’61 or ’62. So that
was right before you.
PL [07:29]: Yeah, I came with Jean Campbell, Doris Diller. I'm trying to remember some of the
other people, but, Jean Campbell and Doris still, I remember vividly.
SS [07:39]: Do you have any favorite classes or favorite memories with them?
PL [07:45]: I don't know if you know, Doris Diller I remembered I had her for pediatrics and I
had her for a peds and something else, I don't remember, but Doris Diller, her
background had been in the military and she ran us like we were in the military and she
was rigid and she was strict. I mean, she was by the book, but boy do I, do I respect her
now and appreciate her, because I, you know, at the time you don't realize what you're
being prepared for and it's only after you've had that experience and reflected back that
you recognize that you, that she prepared you very, very well.
SS [08:34]: That's great. Do you remember, can you tell me a little bit about going to New York
City for that portion of the program?
PL [08:41]: The program. I loved it. I loved getting back to the city. Oh my God. That was one
of the perks and benefits that put me in nursing, I knew that I would get back to the city
for two years and it was just wonderful. We lived in a dorm, we lived in two dorms. The
first one was on 20th Street, East 20th Street between 2nd and 3rd Avenues. And it was an
older building that was, the norm at the time. But it was, it was just really nice being back
in New York and just not being isolated and the having the flexibility to just move
around. Plus, I was from the city, so I was able to get back and see my friends and my
family. It was just really nice being back in New York. And then after about, maybe

�about a year, a new dorm was constructed on 38th Street. So, we moved from Fahnestock
on 20th Street to 38th Street. The newer building was more aligned with the newer
construction that was going on at the time. Fahnestock was one of your older buildings. It
was very homely. And so, it had a nice quality to it. The newer dorm was just like a
regular building. But it didn't have the architecture that the old dorm had and it just didn't
have the home feel that the old dorm had. But you know, it was just a dorm and we made
it work.
SS [10:15]: Are there any memories you - that come back to you from your time in New York?
PL [10:21]: Nothing that really stands out because here again, there was one other student of
color, her name was Gloria Hairston, and she too has made her transition and passed on.
So, it was just Gloria and myself in the dorm and even in New York, I'm talking about
now as a student, we really were not, hang on one second... Even in the dorm we would
essentially go to class and then just disappear because even back here in New York, we
were not part of the Skidmore nursing program back here in New York. So, it was really
nice to be back in New York. All I had to do was go to school, go to class, you know, do
my work. But I didn't have to worry about being isolated anymore.
SS [11:18]: So, I’m excited to talk to you about your career after you left, Skidmore. What path
did you take?
PL [11:23]: So, once I graduated, I worked as a nurse in the emergency room and the intensive
care unit at one of the public hospitals here in New York called Lincoln Hospital. And I
don't know if you've seen the movie, The Godfather?
SS [11:40]: I haven't.
PL [11:41]: Okay. So, in that movie, The Godfather, there is a scene where, Marlon Brando gets
shot and he's taken to a hospital. Well, the hospital that was used in The Godfather movie
was where I worked, and I was there when they were shooting that particular scene. And
it was so interesting because that was, Lincoln Hospital, it was named after President
Abraham Lincoln. It was previously a home for formerly enslaved African Americans.
And after slavery was ended, it was converted into a hospital and named Lincoln
Hospital. As a matter of fact, I worked at Lincoln before I actually took my nursing
boards. In those days, and I think it still exists, after you finish your first formal year of
nursing [education], you could take the licensed practical nursing boards and work as a
practical nurse. I certainly was not privileged and I didn't have, my family didn't have
money, so I actually had to do that. After I completed my first year of nursing, I took my
licensed practical nursing exam, passed, and worked as a licensed practical nurse during
the summer so that I could get money to go back to school in the fall. And then, once I
completed my full nursing studies, then of course I took my registered nursing boards,
and passed those. So, I had already begun to work at Lincoln as a practical nurse. So, of
course, once I passed my registered nursing boards, I just continued.
SS [13:25]: And what path did you take, I know you’re a Nurse Midwife now. So how did you

�get there?
PL [13:28]: Now that is really interesting how that transition occurred. I worked at Lincoln for
many years. Then I became a mom and it was difficult for me to do the night schedule
and the weekend schedule, I wanted something that was more Monday through Friday,
nine to five. So, I transitioned and worked for a foster care agency as the nurse who
coordinated the medical care for children who were in foster care. And I did that for a
while. And while I was doing that, I learned about midwifery. I had always, always loved
OB. I mean always when I was in nursing school, OB and peds were my two favorites.
And those were the ones that I really excelled in. I learned about midwifery and I said,
‘oh, I had not known about midwifery.’ I knew about midway from when I was growing
up in Jamaica because in the Caribbean, midwives are utilized a lot. But I didn't know
that there were midwives in the U.S. and when I learned that there were midwives in the
U.S., I said, ‘that's what I'm going to do.’ So, I applied to Columbia University. They had
a program in the graduate school of nursing and I applied and was accepted. I went to
midwifery school for two years, from 1980 to 1982. During that time, going to midwifery
school was very, very challenging because, back in the 80s, the only way you could do
midwifery education was full time. That has subsequently changed. You can do
midwifery school now part time. But in those days, back in the 70s and 80s, you had to
go full time and it was two full years, four academic quarters, four academic semesters. I
always tell people, had I known, had I had a crystal ball and knew how rigorous that
program was, I don't know that I would have ever started. But once I was in it, I was in it
and I vowed to see it through to completion. And I'm glad I did. But it was probably one
of the most grueling courses of studies I have ever undertaken.
SS [15:46]: And then so, what was your career like after becoming, getting your licensure for
midwifery?
PL [15:52]: It was, it was wonderful. It was absolutely wonderful. I went to work at Harlem
Hospital, which is also one of the public hospitals here in New York. I have always
vowed to work in the public system. That's where most people of color are, most
underserved populations are. And historically these populations have believed that
because they are poor that they have to accept second class health care, second class
medical care. And I went, I, so I've always worked in public systems because I always
wanted to dispel this myth that because you receive your healthcare in a public
institution, that you're getting second class medical care because that for me was not the
case. And so, I went to Harlem. Harlem was my, was my only, employer. I stayed there
for 30 years. I went in as a brand-new midwife and left as a retiree and it was just
absolutely wonderful. During those 30 years the women taught me how to be a good
midwife. I had the opportunity to see health care, to see many things come and go. I was
there when HIV started. I was there when HIV became an issue for women. At Harlem
Hospital we took care of the first pregnant women with HIV in New York. I was there
and eventually ended up developing an expertise in taking care of those women, HIV
infected women, and women whose pregnancies were complicated by drug use. I really
developed an expertise. In the 80s and 90s, that's pretty much what I did. And then, once
crack and HIV somewhat subsided, I branched out into the total range of women's

�reproductive health care and that's what I did until I retired. It was really a wonderful,
wonderful career. So now I am more involved with the administrative part. I'm on the
board of the American College of Nurse Midwives, which is the professional
organization for midwives. I'm also now the chair of one of the committees in our
organization which is called the Midwives of Color. Our goals and objectives are to
promote the recruitment, the retention and the graduation of underrepresented racial and
ethnic groups - primarily African American, Latinos, Asians, indigenous Native
American students, and Alaskan Native students. So that's what I'm doing now.
SS [18:55]: Do you see a big change in the field, since you’ve moved to the more administrative
side of things?
PL [18:58]: Well, midwifery has changed considerably from when I was educated. First, the
amount of information that students learn today is almost quadruple, but I had to learn in
1980. Healthcare has changed, technology has changed. Health care, the amount of
information the students now have to learn is completely different. I learned about HIV
and chemical dependency and drug use as a professional, whereas students are now
learning about it now. The, clinical expertise of midwives has expanded. When I was a
student, we were primarily relegated to prenatal care, labor and delivery and we did some
reproductive women's health care. Now we are doing just a lot of procedures. Midwifery
practice has expanded into midwives doing sonograms, midwives, do a lot of the
technical skills that you would see a lot of physicians doing. We do terminations those of
us who, acquire the education and the skills. So, midwifery in terms of the practice has
just changed dramatically from when I was a student and even a beginning practitioner.
SS [20:27]: Um, how do you think your Skidmore education helped you with your career?
PL [20:29]: Well, in terms of my preparation, it was certainly very valuable. I mean, I, when I
walked into Lincoln Hospital as a nurse, I was prepared. I knew exactly what to do, and
actually, I actually excelled. But I also think it was very helpful when I went to
Columbia, when I went to graduate school. That was also very helpful. So, I mean, as
traumatic as my undergraduate days were at Skidmore in terms of my ability to
successfully navigate graduate education, it helped.
SS [21:05]: And remember we spoke a little bit about this, but you didn't seem to have too much
of an opinion about the closing of the program?
PL [21:11]: You know, I don't know anything about the closing of the program. When I finished
Skidmore, I just wanted to run away. I didn't want to have anything to do with Skidmore.
I just wanted to get out. And when I got out, that's exactly what I did. I didn't look back,
period. I didn't go back to Skidmore. I didn't go back to campus for many years. I think I
first went back for a reunion maybe about 10 years ago. I had not been back to Saratoga
and I hadn't done anything with Skidmore for many years. It was just that traumatic. So, I
didn't know when the school closed. I learned about the school closing maybe five or six
years after the school closed. I didn't know anything about it. I didn't read about it. I
really just wanted to drop off the face of the earth as far as Skidmore was concerned.

�SS [22:01]: What was it like being back?
PL [22:05]: Well, the biggest thing of course is the campus. I was raised on the old campus,
whereas everything is now on the new campus. They were just building the new campus
when I left. So, the new campus is completely new for me. My days were spent on the
old campus and I have to tell you, I loved the old campus. The old campus was beautiful.
I don't know if you've had any contact with the old campus, but we loved the old campus.
We loved those buildings. Oh my God, they're just so gracious. For me the new campus
is just brick and stone and it's cold.
SS [22:42]: Yes, I do have those feelings, especially in the dead of winter.
PL [22:49]: Yeah, the old campus was not like that. I mean the old campus was just really, really
warm and I missed, I’m not even talking about just the building, just the whole feel of the
campus, it's completely different. That campus had a sense of community where that I'd
never, I mean by the time I graduated, maybe, I think McClellan was finished, Kimball
was finished. I think there were maybe only two buildings and none of us ever wanted to
go to the new campus. So, we were glad we didn't have to.
SS [23:37]: I guess my last question would be, what does it mean to you to be a nurse?
PL [23:40]: Well, I have a background in nursing but I'm not a nurse. I'm a midwife. And those
are two completely distinct and separate professions. They do completely different
things. And that's something that we find ourselves having to explain all the time. It's
hard to explain. Nursing, is a distinct profession. Midwifery is a distinct profession.
Midwives are directly responsible for patient care. In other words, we have to assess and
make decisions. Not that nurses don't, but it's a different kind of decision. So, while my
background is in nursing, my profession is that of a midwife.
SS [24:39]: What does that mean to you? What is your purpose as a midwife?
PL [24:40]: My purpose is to number one, acquire the information, the knowledge and the skills
that I need to render the best medical care that I can for women. And I think that I was
very successful in that. One of the hallmarks of midwifery, we talk about this a lot, is that
midwives listen to women but we do a lot more than just listen. We literally do a lot, in
addition to just what you would expect us to do in terms of having the knowledge, having
the information and having the technical skills, we do a lot of teaching and a lot of
education. And that is just so important and it's not valued. Teaching, counseling,
educating patients... It's not valued in medicine, but that's really what, what individuals
need to keep themselves healthy. I think the bulk of Americans, if they understood that
their own health is literally in their hands, if they only had the information. And so, I
spent a lot of time teaching, you never left my office without a handout about something,
never. And we would talk about it on the next visit. You never left me without having
something in your hands to read that was pertinent to you. And the women valued that
because no one had ever taken the time to talk to them. And that's what they loved, is

�talking. Because it says that you were engaged in their healthcare and, one of the
problems is that people, both providers and, and women, tend to think of health care in
one direction - from the provider to the patient. But it's, it's bidirectional. Patient to
provide, provider to patient. But we have socialized Americans to believe that it's
unidirectional. Provider to patient. And so, they have, they have accepted that dynamic,
that relationship. And so, to have someone like midwives who say, ‘no, no, this is a by
directional relationship here. This is a relationship.’ And that's another thing when I
provide health care, it's a relationship. It's building a relationship. By the time, for
example, by the time I retired, I was attending the birth of children I had brought into this
world. I was now attending their children's births. That was amazing for me, to know that
I had attended the birth of someone and 18 or 20 years later here I was, that this
individual is now a young adult and they have entrusted me with attending the birth of
their child.
SS [27:47]: That’s incredible.
PL [27:48]: It was. The first time it happened, it was an absolutely weird feeling. I remember the
grandmother, this woman came. I walked into the room, they didn't know that they had
me in common. And so, the grandmother, who was my patient, pointed to me, I mean,
she was literally in my face pointing as she was trying to get, the words out. She kept
saying, “it's you, it's you, it's you, it's you”. And I didn't know what she was talking
about. And then by the time she calmed down, she explained that I had been her midwife
and had attended her birth. This was her child whose birth I was now attending.
SS: Wow that is so great, thank you for sharing that with me.
PL [28:33]: Yeah, no. You know, I look back, even though it's been almost 10 years since I've
retired because, I live close by in the neighborhood, I see the women all over the city.
There's no place I can go in New York as big as New York is. I cannot tell you how many
times I am literally walking the streets and someone says to me, ‘Hi Ms. Loftman, you
don't remember me, you were my midwife, you did this, you did that.’ I mean, I'm in
Costco, I'm on the bus. It's just amazing.
SS [29:09]: Wow. That's great. That actually used to happen to my grandfather a lot. He was a
neurosurgeon.
PL [29:15]: I didn't hear you.
SS [29:16]: I said that used to happen to my grandpa whenever we were out, he was a
neurosurgeon and people would always come up and say the same thing to him.
PL [29:26]: Yeah. that's when you know you've made a mark. That's when you know, if you
close your eyes and make your transition today, you left your mark behind in the world.
SS: [29:40]: I think that's all the questions I have for you if you want to go ahead and stop
recording.

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